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Thursday, May 5, 2011

Essay on Navy

Short Essay on Navy

The mission of the United States Navy is to project America and her interests on the seas, in the air, and on the land; and to influence world events in every region of the globe during peace, crisis, and war. The United States Navy has established nine Major Operating Forces to span the world and is ready to respond to any mission. The Commanders for each Operating Force report directly to the Chief of Naval Operations who is the senior military officer in the Navy. The Chief of Naval Operations is responsible to the Secretary of the Navy for the command, utilization of resources and operating efficiency of the Navy. 
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The nine Major Operating Forces are:

  1. Fleet Forces Command
  2. Pacific Fleet
  3. Atlantic Fleet
  4. Naval Forces, Europe
  5. Military Sealift Command
  6. Naval Reserve Force
  7. Operation, Test, and Evaluation Force
  8. Naval Forces Central Command
  9. Naval Special Warfare Command


The Fleet Forces Command is in control of both Atlantic and Pacific Fleet assets for equipping, training, and manning purposes. This allows one centralized command to establish polices and requirements to meet the needs of both fleets.

The Pacific Fleet's operating area spans over 50% of the earth covering 102 million square miles. The Pacific Fleet primarily patrols the Pacific, Indian, and Arctic Oceans. With 200 ships, 2,000 aircraft, and over 250,000 Sailors and Marines the Fleet maintains safe sea lanes, deters aggression, and provides humanitarian support were needed. The Pacific Fleet Commander is responsible for the 3rd and 7th Fleet's, Task Force 12 and 14, and Maritime Defense Zone Pacific each having it's own specific mission and areas of responsibility.

The Atlantic Fleet consists of over 118,000 Sailors and Marines, 186 ships and 1,300 aircraft. The Atlantic Fleet is responsible for a large area including the Atlantic Ocean from the North Pole to the South Pole, the Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, and parts of the Pacific Ocean from Central and South America to the Galapagos Islands. Additionally, the area includes the Norwegian, Greenland and Barents Seas, and areas around Africa extending to the Cape of Good Hope. The Atlantic Fleet Commander's responsibility includes the 2nd Fleet and Maritime Defense Zone Atlantic and has the collateral duty of Fleet Forces Command.

Naval Forces, Europe, is forward deployed and is considered one of the nations long arms of the law. The 22,000 Sailors and Marines are responsible for an area of 14 million square miles. Although primarily in the Mediterranean, the area of responsibility extends from the North Cape in Norway to the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and includes the Adriatic, Baltic, and Black Seas.

With only 13 ships and 100 aircraft Naval Forces, Europe plays a vital role in deterring the enemy abroad.

The main mission of Military Sealift Command is to transport equipment, fuel, supplies and ammunition to support U.S. forces worldwide as long as operational requirements dictate. During a war, more than 95 percent of all the equipment and supplies needed by the U.S. military is carried by sea. The Military Sealift Command currently operates 123 non-combatant, civilian-crewed ships around the world. They maintain 77 other ships in a standby status, ready to be manned and activated if the need arises. The Military Sealift Command also has the dual responsibility of oceanographic and hydrographic surveys, underwater surveillance, missile flight data collection and tracking, acoustic research, submarine support, and maintaining the Navy's 2 hospital ships.

The Naval Reserve Force has 88,000 Reserve and active duty Sailors located throughout the United States and has the capability to recall over 600,000 prior service and retired members. The mission of the Naval Reserve Force is to provide fully trained units and individuals to supplement the Navy and Marine Corps during peace or war. The Naval Reserve represents approximately 20% of the Navy's total possessions with 22 ships and over 800 aircraft each assigned to either the Atlantic or Pacific Fleets.
T
he mission of the Operation Test & Evaluation Force is to conduct operational tests and evaluation of all surface, undersea, aviation, and future warfare hardware, software, tactics, and procedures in realistic conditions and advise the Chief of Naval Operations on effectiveness and suitability for the U.S. Navy. No information was available on number of personnel assigned or assets assigned.

The Naval Forces Central Command is the second to be forward deployed and is directly responsible for the Navy's 5th Fleet. This command consists of 25 ships and 15,000 Sailor and Marines. The Naval Forces Central Command and United States 5th Fleet help protect America's vital interests in a 7.5 million square mile area of operation, which includes the Arabian Gulf, Red Sea, Gulf of Oman, Indian Ocean, and interest such as the Suez Canal and Strait of Hormuz.

The Naval Special Warfare Command stands ready to answer "911 calls" from around the world with a force of 5,000 personnel including 2,200 SEAL's and 600 Special Warfare Combat Craft Crewmen. The SEAL Teams are America's best fighting force and the Special Warfare Combat Craft Crewman operate and maintain the Navy's most high performance boats to support the SEAL's and special operations around the world. The Commander, Naval Special Warfare Command prepares these special warfare forces to carry out missions and to develop special operations, strategies, and tactics. The Naval Special Warfare Command includes 2 Special Warfare Groups, and 2 Special Boat Squadrons.

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