Research Paper on Fingerprints
1750 years before Christ was born, people in Babylon used fingerprints as signatures on tablets.
The Chinese first used ink in the year 220. Fingerprints then became a forgotten item for 1,466 Years. A man called Malpighius then brought them back in the year 1686. After that many discoveries were made: J.E Purkynje found out that fingerprints could be classified, Sir William Herschel made laborers to sign contracts with fingerprints in India. In 1877 he also took copies of prisoners Fingerprints and put them in a file. Gilbert Thompson, in 1882, used thumbprints in the USA on checks to avoid fraud. In 1924, in America Identifications Division from the FBI started.
By studying fingerprints with science you will easily find out that all fingerprints are permanent.
Fingerprints are made when you are at your fetal stage, prior to birth. And they remain the same throughout your whole lifetime unless you happen to come across scarring. There are seven different types of finger prints. There is the “arch,” which is when the lines look like waves going from one side to the other.
Second, is the “tentarch” which is similar to the arch, but with a rising stick in the middle. Then there is the “loop,” which comes from the one side returning in the middle to the same side again. There is also the “double loop,” much like the loop but with two loops inside, one standing, and one hanging. There is another type of loop called the “pocked loop” which looks like the loop but with a tiny circle in its lines turning point. Next is the “whorl” this is where the lines make circles with eachother. And lastly, is the “mixed Figure” which is made with different types of figures. Every fingerprint is different because of their prints, number of lines, their shapes and sizes. The ratio on two people having the same prints is less than one in a billion.
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All people have ridges on their upper skin, hands, or feet and this is what makes up a human’s fingerprint. These ridges come in all different shapes, forms, and sizes. Every time a line is split or it stops, that is called a typica, with the amount of typica that can tell an humans identity. A fingerprint contains a lot, also known as unique lines. They can be big, small or broad, they can make different figures, they can be short or long, they can also start, stop or split. There is two types of typica; ending lines, and splitting lines. There are a lot of other differences that are made by those two typicas: a very short line in the middle of two other lines is called an “isle”, when a line splits and then comes back to one line is called an “eye”. When two lines split and one of them immediately returns to the spot where it split and then stops, that is what you call a “hook”. Minutia is smooth ridge patterns that form the basis for finger print identification. The ridges can intersect, split, or end. The mapping of the minutia points is turned into a mathematical code called a template. Matching two minutae-based templates doesn’t require that all of the minutia that was found to match. Minutia points do not change over time and not all minutia must be present in order to verify identity. Cuts and scars may not affect all minutia points, Even partial prints from a crime scene may carry enough minutia points to run a comparison against a database. The FBI’s IAFIS system uses minutia based fingerprint templates with over 40 million records.
There are many ways to make fingerprints visible. Fingerprints can be found and made visible with powders that will stick on the grease from fingers. The most commonly used powder is aluminum powder. Using a magnetic iron powder, you can make a fingerprint visible that is on a piece of paper. The magnetic iron powder can only be used on fresh fingerprints.
The Chinese first used ink in the year 220. Fingerprints then became a forgotten item for 1,466 Years. A man called Malpighius then brought them back in the year 1686. After that many discoveries were made: J.E Purkynje found out that fingerprints could be classified, Sir William Herschel made laborers to sign contracts with fingerprints in India. In 1877 he also took copies of prisoners Fingerprints and put them in a file. Gilbert Thompson, in 1882, used thumbprints in the USA on checks to avoid fraud. In 1924, in America Identifications Division from the FBI started.
By studying fingerprints with science you will easily find out that all fingerprints are permanent.
Fingerprints are made when you are at your fetal stage, prior to birth. And they remain the same throughout your whole lifetime unless you happen to come across scarring. There are seven different types of finger prints. There is the “arch,” which is when the lines look like waves going from one side to the other.
Second, is the “tentarch” which is similar to the arch, but with a rising stick in the middle. Then there is the “loop,” which comes from the one side returning in the middle to the same side again. There is also the “double loop,” much like the loop but with two loops inside, one standing, and one hanging. There is another type of loop called the “pocked loop” which looks like the loop but with a tiny circle in its lines turning point. Next is the “whorl” this is where the lines make circles with eachother. And lastly, is the “mixed Figure” which is made with different types of figures. Every fingerprint is different because of their prints, number of lines, their shapes and sizes. The ratio on two people having the same prints is less than one in a billion.
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All people have ridges on their upper skin, hands, or feet and this is what makes up a human’s fingerprint. These ridges come in all different shapes, forms, and sizes. Every time a line is split or it stops, that is called a typica, with the amount of typica that can tell an humans identity. A fingerprint contains a lot, also known as unique lines. They can be big, small or broad, they can make different figures, they can be short or long, they can also start, stop or split. There is two types of typica; ending lines, and splitting lines. There are a lot of other differences that are made by those two typicas: a very short line in the middle of two other lines is called an “isle”, when a line splits and then comes back to one line is called an “eye”. When two lines split and one of them immediately returns to the spot where it split and then stops, that is what you call a “hook”. Minutia is smooth ridge patterns that form the basis for finger print identification. The ridges can intersect, split, or end. The mapping of the minutia points is turned into a mathematical code called a template. Matching two minutae-based templates doesn’t require that all of the minutia that was found to match. Minutia points do not change over time and not all minutia must be present in order to verify identity. Cuts and scars may not affect all minutia points, Even partial prints from a crime scene may carry enough minutia points to run a comparison against a database. The FBI’s IAFIS system uses minutia based fingerprint templates with over 40 million records.
There are many ways to make fingerprints visible. Fingerprints can be found and made visible with powders that will stick on the grease from fingers. The most commonly used powder is aluminum powder. Using a magnetic iron powder, you can make a fingerprint visible that is on a piece of paper. The magnetic iron powder can only be used on fresh fingerprints.
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Warning!!! All free online research papers, research paper samples and example research papers on any writing topics are plagiarized and cannot be fully used in your high school, college or university education.
If you need a custom research paper, research proposal, essay, dissertation, thesis paper or term paper on your topic, EffectivePapers.com will write your research papers from scratch. Starting at $12/page you can order custom written papers online. We work with experienced PhD. and Master's freelance writers to help you with writing any academic papers in any subject! High quality and 100% non-plagiarized papers guaranteed!
