Thesis on Water
Comprising over 70% of the Earth's surface, water is undoubtedly the most precious natural resource that exists on our planet. Without the water life Earth would be non-existent, it is essential for everything on our planet to grow and prosper. Although humans recognize this fact, we disregard it by polluting our rivers, lakes and oceans. Water pollution causes a number of problems such as diseases and killing the fishes. It is harmful for human beings and animals. This thesis will argue that the water pollution includes industrial effluent, flooding and thermal pollution. However, there are some solutions to prevent these problems like make a law to control water pollution or make dams to stop the flooding etc.
First of all, one of the main causes of water pollution is industrial effluent, because the factories let the polluted water go into the lakes or rivers, and make the water polluted. The industry water contains various kinds of chemicals like acid, hydroxide which are harmful to the water and to aquatic life. If people drink the water, which is polluted, it can cause cancer, suppress immune systems and disrupt hormones. Also illegal dumping of chemical kill the nature lives in the river like fish, crab, etc (Stauffer 1998 & Connell 1974).
In addition, flooding also causes water pollution. Floodwater is combined by normal water, runoff water, rain, and possible other kinds of water, which are dirty and full of pollution. Also,where the floodwater goes over any places, the water in the area are polluted (Dickson 1999). And floodwater contains various kinds of viruses which could cause bad disease. For example, as a result of serious flooding, the World Health Organization (WHO) has recorded that in 1999 people were killed when an epidemic of leptospirosis spread. As is well known, China floods every year. People died from the diseases which cause by the flood such as infectious diarrhea, hepatitis A, conjunctivitis and malaria (China Daily 2003). Floods affect more cultivated and total land area than other types of nature disease phenomena (Dickson 1999 & State Statistical Bureau of the People's Republic of China 1988).
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Furthermore, thermal pollution causes water pollution, which is unwanted heat accumulation in a lake or river when water is returning to the nature water body. Much aquatics life in the water will be killed if the waterбпs temperature goes higher than normal temperature. The reason for why the waterбпs temperature goes up is that power stations use the water to cool the heat exchanges and let this cooling water go into the lake or river (Mannion & Bowlby 1992). The effects of adding heat to water are very complex, but increases of about 2 degrees are known to seriously affect fish and other aquatic life (Mannion & Bowlby 1992). Increasing water temperature also raises the metabolic rate in organisms and also increases their oxygen requirements, although there is less oxygen available at higher temperature. This causes the aquatic to die (Mannion & Bowlby 1992 & Connell 1974).
Water is the most important resource on the earth. So we have to prevent the water pollution. We can prevent the water pollution in two ways. In order to combat water pollution, we must understand the problems and become part of the solution.
Firstly, governments can play an important role in preventing and controlling water pollution. They have to make laws to control the polluted water from factories like fines. Fines can be either an incentive or a penalty. For example, governments can establish fines based on the concentration of pollution in industrial effects. These water effluent charges have been used successfully in Australia, France, and German etc. For instance, Germany is heavily industrialized influent in Ruhr valley. After using the implementation of charge, water quality in Ruhr Valley improved rapidly (Stauffer 1998).
Secondly, to prevent water pollution, we need to prevent floods. We can build dams to prevent flooding in those flooding area. The dams prevent the floodwater going somewhere and polluting the river, lake etc. Also the dams decrease water surface elevations. In addition, the dam will provide erosion control by reducing excessive flow rates of the downstream dam (Erika 2003). Except building dams people need to stop the landslides around the river because landslides will cause floods. In China, the government started to plant a lot of trees along the Yellow River to prevent landslides (Dickson 1999 & Stat Statistical Bureau of the Peopleбпs Republic of China 1988 & Erika 2003).
In conclusion, the water pollution contains industrial effluent, flooding and thermal pollution. However, there are some solutions to avoid these problems like make a law to control water pollution or build dams to stop the flooding etc. People must become familiar with their local water resources and learn about ways for protecting the river and lakes. These are just a few of many ways in which people, as human, have the ability to combat water pollution.
First of all, one of the main causes of water pollution is industrial effluent, because the factories let the polluted water go into the lakes or rivers, and make the water polluted. The industry water contains various kinds of chemicals like acid, hydroxide which are harmful to the water and to aquatic life. If people drink the water, which is polluted, it can cause cancer, suppress immune systems and disrupt hormones. Also illegal dumping of chemical kill the nature lives in the river like fish, crab, etc (Stauffer 1998 & Connell 1974).
In addition, flooding also causes water pollution. Floodwater is combined by normal water, runoff water, rain, and possible other kinds of water, which are dirty and full of pollution. Also,where the floodwater goes over any places, the water in the area are polluted (Dickson 1999). And floodwater contains various kinds of viruses which could cause bad disease. For example, as a result of serious flooding, the World Health Organization (WHO) has recorded that in 1999 people were killed when an epidemic of leptospirosis spread. As is well known, China floods every year. People died from the diseases which cause by the flood such as infectious diarrhea, hepatitis A, conjunctivitis and malaria (China Daily 2003). Floods affect more cultivated and total land area than other types of nature disease phenomena (Dickson 1999 & State Statistical Bureau of the People's Republic of China 1988).
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Furthermore, thermal pollution causes water pollution, which is unwanted heat accumulation in a lake or river when water is returning to the nature water body. Much aquatics life in the water will be killed if the waterбпs temperature goes higher than normal temperature. The reason for why the waterбпs temperature goes up is that power stations use the water to cool the heat exchanges and let this cooling water go into the lake or river (Mannion & Bowlby 1992). The effects of adding heat to water are very complex, but increases of about 2 degrees are known to seriously affect fish and other aquatic life (Mannion & Bowlby 1992). Increasing water temperature also raises the metabolic rate in organisms and also increases their oxygen requirements, although there is less oxygen available at higher temperature. This causes the aquatic to die (Mannion & Bowlby 1992 & Connell 1974).
Water is the most important resource on the earth. So we have to prevent the water pollution. We can prevent the water pollution in two ways. In order to combat water pollution, we must understand the problems and become part of the solution.
Firstly, governments can play an important role in preventing and controlling water pollution. They have to make laws to control the polluted water from factories like fines. Fines can be either an incentive or a penalty. For example, governments can establish fines based on the concentration of pollution in industrial effects. These water effluent charges have been used successfully in Australia, France, and German etc. For instance, Germany is heavily industrialized influent in Ruhr valley. After using the implementation of charge, water quality in Ruhr Valley improved rapidly (Stauffer 1998).
Secondly, to prevent water pollution, we need to prevent floods. We can build dams to prevent flooding in those flooding area. The dams prevent the floodwater going somewhere and polluting the river, lake etc. Also the dams decrease water surface elevations. In addition, the dam will provide erosion control by reducing excessive flow rates of the downstream dam (Erika 2003). Except building dams people need to stop the landslides around the river because landslides will cause floods. In China, the government started to plant a lot of trees along the Yellow River to prevent landslides (Dickson 1999 & Stat Statistical Bureau of the Peopleбпs Republic of China 1988 & Erika 2003).
In conclusion, the water pollution contains industrial effluent, flooding and thermal pollution. However, there are some solutions to avoid these problems like make a law to control water pollution or build dams to stop the flooding etc. People must become familiar with their local water resources and learn about ways for protecting the river and lakes. These are just a few of many ways in which people, as human, have the ability to combat water pollution.
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