Research Paper on African Elephant

Elephants are among the biggest animals in the world, they are the second tallest, and are the only animals that have a long muscular snout and two long, curved tusks. They are highly intelligent and very strong animals. Elephants are the largest land animals and have life spans of 60 years or more. They prove to be extraordinary animals.

There are two main types of elephants, the African elephant and the Indian elephant. The elephant that I have chosen is the African Elephant. The African elephant can be found in Africa, south of the Sahara, where the climate conditions are dry and hot.

Elephant reproduction is unique in many ways. The male genitals are inside the body whereas the female reproductive organs are on the outside; they are very hard to see. It is difficult to tell the two genders apart, which is often a problem when trying to find a mate. The mammary glands on the female which are the same size and shape as the breast of a woman help to identify the gender of an elephant. Another way to identify the gender is the shape of the skulls. Mating is a process, which takes place over the period of a year. Elephants are not predators as they are herbivores, and they are only prey when they are in their younger years.

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The elephant species is not a solitary animal. The elephants live in herds. The average herd contains six to twelve members, but it is very common to have a herd of over twelve members. There are two different herds; one herd consists of only women who are called cows, and their children. The other is a herd that only consists of men which are called bulls. The female herd is led by the oldest member who is called the matriarch. When the matriarch dies the oldest child will take its place as leader. When the men are children they stay with their mothers, but as they grow older they leave the cows and join the bulls. Elephants are migratorial animals as they move around a lot.

The elephant's long trunk plays a very important role in the elephant getting food. The trunk grabs the food and puts it into the elephant's mouth. The typical elephant will eat for fifteen to twenty hours per day. An adult elephant eats 75 to 150 kg (165 to 330 lb) of food each day. Its diet includes many plant parts - leaves, twigs, bark, shoots, fruit, flowers, roots, tubers, and bulbs. They have a large appetite.

Elephants have a total of four teeth, all molars, which have jagged ridges for grinding leaves, stems, and roots. A single tooth can weigh more than 5 kg (11 lb) and measure 30 cm (12 in) in length. Their tusks are used to dig for water, to lift objects, and to defend themselves. The tusks themselves can lift 900kg (2000 pounds). Elephants grow six sets of molars during its lifetime; every set consists of four molars

The feet of the elephant are also very unique. Each foot is nearly round and each foot has a thick pad of tissue which acts as a cushion. This thick tissue is what makes the foot unique, when the foot is pressed down the tissue expands increasing the size of the foot and absorbs all the weight. When the foot is lifted the tissue contracts decreasing the size of the foot. The back two feet of the elephant have three toes and the front feet have four or five toes.

The elephants have a very simple digestive system. The stomach is not used to break down much food because its main function is storage. When the food then reaches the stomach; it acts as a big storage facility. The feces travel through the small intestines, then through the rear-end. Scientists often use feces to determine the size of an elephant. Food passes quickly through the digestive system before nutrients are absorbed, causing elephants to discard about half the plant material they consume.

The circulatory system of the elephant can be quite complex. It can have a heart that weighs up to twenty eight pounds which beats at rates up to 28/min when standing, and 32/min when sitting or lying. Due to the huge size of the arteries they are supported by elastic fibers. The blood vessels can reach a length of up to 350cm.

An elephant has no pleural cavity. The lungs of the elephant are directly attached to the walls of the chest cavity and the diaphragm. This means that all respiratory movements are completely dependent on chest muscles. The air enters the lungs through internal nares which are located on the forehead. An elephant can also breathe air through its mouth and trunk. Elephants must have a strong muscular system in order to be able to support all their weight. Many of their muscles are located in the trunk because they have to be able to turn over logs and it is also used in defending themselves.

The African elephant's eyesight is not very good. It uses its big ears for ventilation and communication. Elephants have good hearing due to their large ears. The elephants make sounds which humans cannot hear which are called infrasound. The elephants can communicate from a distance of 4km.An elephant can raise its trunk in the air and it can smell food or enemies. It can smell a human 1.6 km away. The sense of touch is the keenest sense on the elephant, because the trunk has many sensory hairs at the end of the trunk, which allows it to feel how big the object is and the shape of the object.

The skeletal system of the elephant has to be very strong to support the massive amount of weight of the elephant. It weighs about 16.5 percent of an elephant's total weight. Normally an elephant will have twenty ribs. The back bone is where the soft tissues are hung from. The bones on an elephant interlock. The neck has seven vertebrae.

The color of an elephant depends a lot on the surroundings in which it lives, because the elephant is continuously throwing mud on itself to keep itself cool in the hot climate. When an elephant is born it is covered with sparse brown, black or reddish brown hair that eventually falls off as the elephant gets older. When older the elephants seem hairless, but they do have bristles around the ears, mouth, eyes, and some hair on the trunk, legs and other parts of the body. An elephant has a lot of hair on its tail sometimes reaching lengths of up to 100cm. Some scientists say it is used to swat flies of its body. The skin of an elephant is very sensitive.

Over the many scientific tests and research done on African elephants they have proven to be very unusual and unique animals. They are still studied a great deal today will be studied for many years to come.

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Self Protection Essay

Self-protection is to keep oneself physically and emotionally safe. It's basically to stop a dangerous situation as soon as one recognizes that one's in it. These dangerous situations can be various kinds of attacks or aggressions. It is imperative for everyone to understand the necessity of self-protection and how to use it when in need.

There are three categories of attacks. One is property crime, where the attacker wants something you have. This usually results in robbery, car jacking, etc. Second is stranger attack, where a stranger appears out of nowhere and attack. This kind can be both verbal, but most likely physical. Third is acquaintance attack where someone you know attacks. The attacker in this case might test you out at first by annoying and upsetting you and he or she gets to the point.

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There are many causes for attacks, whether by strangers of familiars. For example, someone might attack because he or she wants to feel powerful in order to enhance his or her image. So, he or she would usually bully someone or cause obvious fear of the victim or even rape. Another example could be as simple as jealousy. He or she might want something you have but he or she doesn't have, so he or she picks a fight to get even or steal or rob. There are tons of other causes, such as stereotype, injustice, discrimination, sex, direct provocation, etc.

Facing all these possible dangers, every one should find a way to defend when in such a situation. For example, if someone decides to rob you, the person usually does not look for violence, he or she merely wants your stuff. So the best thing to do right here is to give up whatever the attacker desires immediately, thus you can walk away unharmed. Another insight to robbery is that the robber does not want to be recognized. Another example, say if an enemy is picking a fight with you. It is the best to stay calm and try to understand what the enemy wants and satisfy that desire in order to avoid fighting. Always try to de-escalate the situation. You should never raise voice or talk back, just listen and try to calm the attacker down.

The above situations can be dealt without force, however, when it is necessary to be physical, you have to know how to react. There are many self-defense classes around each community where physical strategies are taught. Here are some examples. For instance, to shock the attacker and then run, one strategy could be to use your hand, stick it into the attacker's hair, and pull very quickly, so much hair may fall off. Since this action hurts a lot, the attacker loses attention for a second, and this is the chance where you run. There are many other physical ways.

However, the most important of self-protection is not to learn how to fight, but to prevent the fighting or physical action from happening. Threat awareness is the sum total of all our knowledge about self-preservation, gained not only from our various backgrounds and life-experiences, but also from active learning. It's vital to be able to recognize oneself in a dangerous situation, and then one can have the conscience to think about how to react and this is called threat assessment. The final procedure would be threat avoidance where it's been discussed above of how to act under certain dangerous situations, whether it's verbal or physical.

Again it is very important for every one to understand self-protection and be able to assess it into daily life. Any one could be a possible victim. Some one can be attacked by strangers at a parking lot, or be raped by someone who knows the victim very well. There are all possibilities. And self-protection teaches one to be aware at all times.

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Amelie Term Paper

"Amelie" Movie Essay

"Amelie" by Jean-Pierre Jeunet is a charming story about a young woman's quest to help people find happiness by performing small but nonetheless significant acts of kindness. The story begins with the most an even more precise time announcement than in "Monty Python's Life of Brian" with September 3rd 1976 6:28pm and 32 seconds being announced by the narrator. The use off such precise timing is unconventional and sets the tone for the rest of the movie and is obviously meant as a tribute to the great Monty Python member Terry Gilliam of whom Jean-Pierre Jeunet is a self-confessed fan. After the audience are given the time and date they are shown three completely unrelated and insignificant events that happened to coincide with the conception of the story's main character Amelie Poulain.

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The audience is then whisked away to Amelie's early childhood and are introduced to Amelie's parents Raphael and Amadine Poulain by the narrator, who's swift introduction gives us a brief biography including their occupation, personality and likes and dislikes. Although brief the introduction gives us just enough information we need to understand their actions and is repeated whenever a new character is encountered. In Raphael and Amadine Poulain's case we are told that Raphael is an ex-army doctor who doesn't show his affections physically. Amadine on the other hand is a neurotic schoolteacher. We are also shown that the only physical contact that Amelie has with her father is when he gives Amelie a monthly physical examination, this made Amelie (who like all young girls craved physical attention from her father) very excited, as a result her heart would race and her father diagnosed a heart defect as a result and declared her unfit for school so she was educated at home by Amadine.

Amelie only had one friend during her childhood, a suicidal goldfish called Blubber; Amadine's nerves are soon frayed by Blubber's constant escape attempts and forces Amelie to release Blubber into the wild making Amelie even more lonely than she was before. To compensate for the loss of blubber, Amelie is given a camera, after a day of taking many photos; her next-door neighbor accuses her of causing a car crash, a few days later she realizes that she'd been had and takes revenge by unplugging the offending neighbors TV aerial whenever a goal was about to be scored in a soccer game, this shows us that Amelie was now incredibly aware on how to manipulate the physical world to her advantage, her ability to manipulate the physical world to gain revenge is used again when Amelie, sick of the way Collingnon the greengrocer treats his assistant, breaks into his house and makes a few subtle changes such changing Collingnon's slippers for an identical but smaller pair, setting his alarm clock to 4 am, and swapping his toothpaste for a similarly packaged foot cream, these scenes show, that despite wanting to help as many people as she can, Amelie can also punish people for being cruel to their fellow humans.

The scene where Amelie finds the tin box is very significant in the context of the story because it shows the audience how a seemingly insignificant event with the opportunity to touch someone's life, to Amelie can be much more important than the world famous car crash that took the life of Lady Di, which coincided with the discovery.

The film technique of the beam of light shining on the people that Amelie has helped is used to show that they have truly been touched by Amelie's actions of kindness, and was a very important recurring effect in the film as if to convey the message that an act of kindness, big or small can make someone's day.

The Movie ended with a review of all the people Amelie had helped during the course of just one month and once the director chose to show some insignificant events as Amelie and her new love Nino ride through Paris on a motorbike, The insignificant emphasized the point that all of Amelie's actions would seem small and even useless to some people, but to the people involved they hanged their lives.

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Term Paper on Frederic Chopin

Frederic Chopin was a Polish composer and pianist who lived from 1810 to 1845. He wrote hundreds of pieces, mazurkas, concertos, preludes, nocturnes, polonaises, and sonatas. Almost everything he wrote was exclusively for the piano. He had his own unique poetic and lyrical style; his songs could be light and dreamy and yet dark and emotional at the same time. Known as "The Poet of the Piano", he is still considered the most important composer from the Romantic period, and it can be said that no one understood the piano better than him.

He was born Frederic Francois Chopin on February 4, 1810, at Zelazowa Wola, Poland. His mother was Polish and his father French. He started his musical training at an early age, starting up with the piano at age four. He wrote his first piece at age seven, a polonaise, and gave his first concert at the age of eight. From here on he was revered as a child prodigy.

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Chopin made his musical debut in Vienna, Austria, and after that he played his two piano concertos (Concerto in F Minor, and Concerto in E Minor) in Warsaw. Then he decided to leave Poland to give concerts in Western Europe, never to return. Shortly after this however, the Polish insurrection broke out, and his travelling companions returned home. Chopin was then mainly inactive, and was plagued by anxiety of the upheaval at his home.

In September of 1831 Chopin moved to Paris, twenty-one years old, and was immediately recognized for his talent. His musical training had been for the most part self guided, because there were no prestigious piano teachers where he grew up, but immediately people in France were trying to persuade him to enroll in strict and disciplined piano studies. His piano teacher from Poland observed "they have recognized genius in Frederic and are already frightened that he will outstrip them, so they want to keep their hands on him for three years in order to hold back something of that which nature herself might push forward."

Chopin now had the advantage of being a fresh, new, and free pianist. He has developed his own unique style, deriving from his influences such as violinistic singer Angelica Catalani, the nocturnes of Weber, and of course Mozart and Bach. His pieces had a somewhat familiar air to them, but were not harnessed by the strict form that everyone at the time followed. Unlike other romance composers, his paintings didn't depict love stories or paintings, they remained poetic yet personal. His works demanded a lot of hand coordination, and challenged even the most accomplished pianists of the time. The left hand would be rhythmic and unwavering, while his right hand would glide around in the melody freely. Chopin described his technique thus: "the left hand is the conductor; it must not waver or lose ground; do with the right hand what you will and can." This technique is called tempo rubato. An example of this technique can be found in Chopin's Berceuse (Lullaby), containing a repeating and jumping rhythm in the left hand, while the right hand plays a light, and beautiful melody that almost sounds improvised. Schumann was one of the first of his contemporaries to realize Chopin's unique and original style, using the now famous line "Hats off, gentleman. A genius!"

Chopin had soon become an established teacher of the piano with many pupils. He would give concerts in people's homes (which he preferred over large halls), and was now widely known for his innovation and skill. While visiting London in 1837, Chopin started an intimate relationship with the French novelist George Sand. He moved with her and her children to the island of Majorca, where they lived in wretched conditions. Chopin began to show signs of tuberculosis. Despite his illness, he composed a great deal of his pieces at Mme. Sand's country house in Nohant. He made no public appearances for a span of six years, and became more and more frail. His music reflected this, and developed softer graduations.

Sand continued to nurse Chopin until their continued differences drove them apart. Although he was able to live comfortable on his fees as a tutor, he gave several more concerts in England, Scotland, and France, with his last in Paris. He died at age thirty-nine, and at his request his heart was taken to Warsaw and placed in the Holy Cross Church. His funeral was at the Madeleine, where Mozart's Requiem Mass was performed, and he is buried at Pere-Lachaise. According to legend, not one day has passed when flowers haven't been placed on his grave.

Chopin introduced new variations and techniques in familiar forms of music. His many Preludes varied in style, some could be powerful and intimidating, such as his Prelude in C Minor, and others could be slow and sad, like the Prelude in E Minor. He always stayed true to his Polish background, and his most written pieces were polonaises and country mazurkas. One of his most famous pieces is his Military Polonaise in A Major, and it is still widely celebrated in Poland.

Chopin is internationally known for his beautiful and melodic pieces, his emotional and personal style, and his mastery of his instrument. Once called "the Piano Bard, the Piano Rhapsodist, the Piano Mind, and the Piano Soul", his innovation influenced two generations of composers: from Liszt and Rachmaninoff, to Debussy and Granados. Surely the piano would lack some of its prestige and power if he had never furthered its art so much.

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Mormonism Essay

Essay on Mormonism

For this particular assignment, I chose to visit the Church of the Latter Day Saints. The worshippers that belong to this church are referred to as Mormons. I visited this church on April 27, 2003. The service was from about 9:00 a.m. until around 12:00 p.m. The particular church that I visited was located on 981 Bunker Hill Road in Cookeville Tennessee. I also interviewed a member of the church by the name of Gwen Haney. She has taught seminaries, some early morning scripture studies, has been head of the women's organization known as the Relief Society, and she currently oversees the teachings to the youth in the Ward and how they are taught.

As I first walked into the church, there were many people there. The people were very friendly to welcome me and speak to me. The outside of the church didn't seem to be much different than any other churches, just a nice place. The lawn seemed to be well taken care of and the sidewalk was clean to walk on. There was a shed, which I questioned someone about and the person told me that was where the lawn utensils were kept. The name of the church is on the front of the church. As you walk in the double doors, there is a hall way and pictures of Jesus Christ and the apostles. There are several classrooms and the chapel area. In the chapel area or sanctuary, they have the sacrament meetings. The people seemed very reserved, but nice. The people seemed to be in the middle class of people. There were several men, women, and children. No group really dominated the other. There was more than a hundred or more present. There were several people there.

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I attended a Sunday morning service. It began at 9:00 a.m. Everyone met together. The Bishop, Tony Huddleston, directed the meeting, but he did not do all of the talking. The members give the talks to the congregation. These members are given specific topics to study, pray, and speak about. At the beginning of the service, there was an opening song, followed by a prayer. Then some announcements were made about some of the upcoming events and things the church had planned to take part in. Then the sacrament was eaten and a song was sang. The sacrament was bread and water. A woman told me that it symbolized Christ dying on the cross and shedding his blood for us. She said it was done every week to show the devotion to the Heavenly father. Then there was another song and a prayer. The service itself was very reverent, and spiritual. Some people shed tears. There was no shouting or amen. The woman I spoke with said they try to keep it reverent to show respect. After this, the children went to Sunday school and the youth have their own service. From about 11:00a.m. until the end of the service the Relief Society, for women, and the priesthood meet. The children remain in their classrooms. The whole service was very organized and planned. It was more ritualistic than spontaneous.

In my experience, and with my observations, the members that were in attendance were very emotional, but joyous at the same time.

Everyone attending the service was invited to partake in the sacrament. Everyone sang a hymn and a prayer was said. While eating the bread and water, I thought of the symbolic meaning the Mormons think of behind this bread and water. Some were emotional during this time. This ritual is repeated every Sunday morning. It is intended to remind what Christ done for us and a devotion of our lives to the Heavenly father.

The Mormon church seems to have a lot in common with other churches beliefs of things they should do and things that shouldn't be done. Some things are left to individual opinion, but others are strictly forbidden. The Mormons believe that men and women are created equal, but believe that they have different roles. Only men can hold the priesthood. Women feel they are blessed because the Heavenly father let them rear children, and only God can create life. These are the different roles they see for the women and men. There are testimony meetings once a month and men, women, children, and visitors are all permitted to participate.

There are several different issues the Mormons feel strongly about. War is one of the issues. The Mormons do not necessarily claim to support war, but believe that it is sometimes necessary to overcome the evil in the world. Many of the people in the priesthood or the prophets served in the military. Abortion is another issue. The Mormons believe that life is a sacred thing and that only in the most special situations would abortion be ok. In instances or rape or incest, the subject of abortion might be discussed. This is talked over with the family and the church leaders before action is taken.

The Mormons believe that homosexuality is wrong, but believe that the homosexuals are welcome to come to their church. Chastity is another important subject. The Mormons strongly believe that sex before marriage is wrong. The also believe in a heaven and a hell. At the end of time, everyone will be resurrected and judged. The Mormons have a Word of Wisdom that most go by. They do not drink coffee, tea, or alcohol. They do not take illegal drugs or use tobacco products. Another subject is gambling. The Mormons believe that gambling is wrong, but there are probably several members of the church that have bought raffle tickets before or played a game of bingo. The Mormons do believe that faith healing of an illness is possible. It rarely happens, but it definitely could happen if it is done by the proper authorities. Most of the Mormons believe there are such as thing as modern day miracles, but most are on a small scale instead of a large scale. Most of these we do not even notice. They would be more along the lines of getting over an illness, or not taking a certain pathway to work and an accident happens on your usual route. These are just things a person normally would not consider.

Some issues are left solely to the person or individual and the family. Issues such as birth control, divorce and remarriage, dancing, and some others are left up to the individual. The church does not condone birth control or divorce and remarriage, but they do not condemn it either. They believe that the person has the right to decide whether they want children and how many children they want. Also, the church doesn't agree with divorce and remarriage, but in some instances they believe it may be necessary. The Mormons do not believe there is anything wrong with good, clean fun like dancing as long as it is done in the correct manner. The youth have dances and the young and old participate. Finally, the Mormons believe that everyone can understand the scriptures and interpret them for himself.

The Articles of Faith state the basic beliefs of the Church of Latter Day Saints. The Word of Wisdom is something they use to help decide what to and what not to consume. The main resource the Mormons use to study by is the King James Bible, the one that is closest to the original Hebrew version. These people on the most part seem to be well-educated on things involving the Bible and the other books they study. They seem much more dedicated than most religious people I have encountered in my lifetime. That may be judging, but it is based on my knowledge and the people that I know.

The Mormons seem to have very moral standards and good values. They have a lot of good points and good ideas. The Mormons do have a baptism ceremony and so do many other religions, but the Mormons do it for a separate reason than I am accustomed to. The Mormons do it to show they are joining the church. In some of the other religions I know a little about, the baptism symbolizes the new birth after the person gets saved. This baptism is good forever. If a person has been baptized and decides to join the Mormon church, he or she must be baptized again by the proper authorities. I always assumed that Mormonism is an odd religion, but that was before I understood a lot of their teachings and beliefs.

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David Copperfield Term Paper

David Copperfield Research Paper

When you read David Copperfield, it doesn't take long to realize the difference between the upper and lower classes. Dickens had a way of making one-dimensional characters, and he was also good at doing this with the social status of the characters. The best examples of this, I think, would be Daniel Peggotty for the lower class, and Rosa Dartle for the upper class.

Daniel Peggotty was portrayed as a man that lived for everyone but himself. He was always willing to go out on a limb. He was kind and jolly, and extremely humble. He loved his family so dearly, especially his niece, Emily.

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On page 182, David Copperfield says: "Mr. Peggotty's a very generous fellow". I think that describes him quite well. Dickens wanted us to love Mr. Peggotty, and to see how even though he lived in an overturned boat, he was an extremely happy man, and enjoyed life to its fullest.

However, on the opposite side of the spectrum, we have Rosa Dartle. Rosa is the perfect portrayal of the upper class, or at least how Dickens wanted us to see it.

Rosa was just a little crazy to say the least. Rosa was the kind of woman men dream about, if you're in a relationship just based looks. Other than that, she was the bottom of the barrel. Rosa only thought of herself, she was hateful, and at times psychotic. Rosa lived for herself, and she despised the lower class people, even though she really knows nothing about them.

If you look on page 183, you'll see the limits of her knowledge. She asks Steerforth: "Oh, but really, do tell me! Are that sort of people really clods and animals and beings of another order from ourselves? I do so much want to know".

On page 292, Rosa follows Mr. Peggotty and gives him a good piece of her mind, also admitting to despising people of the lower class.

She said "He and his common niece! What a fine pair to champion! I would have her whipped". But as for these other depraved people, I'd have their house pulled down and everything they had set on fire. And I'd have her branded on the face, dressed in rags, and flung out into the streets. Oh how I detest her (Emily), how I loath the thought of her. I could hunt her to the grave and taunt her as she was dying.

Even with that confrontation, Mr. Peggotty stayed fairly calm, and humble. All the while, Rosa was threatening his favorite niece, and telling how much she loathed depraved and lowly people (Again showing her lack of knowledge, for they were far from lowly.)

I think Dickens wanted us to like the lower class. To sympathize with them. We can also learn from them. Even though they worked so hard and had so little, they were happy, and helpful.

Then we see Rosa, a rich, stuck up, vicious woman who is out for no one but her self. Even though she had everything, she was far from happy, let alone humble.

Maybe Dickens had an underlying theme here. Maybe he wanted to show us that money isn't everything, and how miserable it can make life. Granted, there were good rich people, but in David Copperfield, most were portrayed as selfish and fiendish.

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The Wave Book Essay

The book I selected to write this essay on is, The Wave. The Wave, written by Todd Strasser, is based on the life of a high school teacher named Mr. Ross. One day Mr. Ross was teaching his class about the Nazis when his students kept on asking him questions. Mr. Ross was stuck on this one question. The question was why did everybody follow Hitler? On that same day Mr. Ross wondered how he could make his students understand why nobody dared to stop Hitler. He then begins an experiment unknowing that later it would outgrow the confines of his classroom. As the experiment went further out of hand all of the students in the school were asked to join, and when some refused to go along with the ordeal they were threatened to do so. Later in the book a girl by the name of Laurie Saunders figured out what this experiment was really about. She thought the classroom experiment was actually making history repeat itself. So, she stepped up to the plate to become one of the only people who vow to dismantle what is later known as The Wave and everything that it stands for.

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In this essay I am to choose a hero. But, first we need to know the definition of a hero. The definition in the American Heritage Dictionary- High School edition is as follows: any man noted for feats of courage or nobility of purpose; especially one who has sacrificed or risked his life. My definition of a hero is a person, man or woman, who has courage. A hero is a person who does something to prevent atrocious things from happening. One who is determined and persistent. A hero is somebody who will put his or her life on the line to save or protect another. Courage, determination, intelligence, compassion, responsibility, and honesty are traits that, in my opinion, create a hero.

I chose Laurie Saunders for this essay because she possesses all the traits stated above and most of all because she is ready to do what ever it takes to stop the Wave.
In this informative essay you will receive information and evidence on why Laurie Saunders is the hero in this book entitled, The Wave.

The first evidence that will be stated is as follows. Laurie Saunders published an article in "The Grapevine" as her first step to help stop the Wave. This article contained negative information about the Wave. On page 99 this is proved when it says, "She found Amy in the library and gave her a copy of the editorial to read. As Amy read, her mouth began to open wider and wider. Finally, she looked up at Laurie. What are you going to do with it? I'm publishing it in the paper, Laurie said. But you can't say these things about the Wave, Amy said. Why not? Laurie asked. They're true, Amy. The Wave has become an obsession with everyone. No one is thinking for themselves anymore." This quote from the book proves that Laurie has and will publish such a thing in "The Grapevine." Laurie takes this action despite of knowing that many people will hate her after that.

The second evidence is that Laurie convinced her boyfriend who is also one of the major Wave members, David Collins, that the Wave is dangerous. David was trying to convince Laurie that she was incorrect, but fortunately David himself was convinced. The evidence is found on page 112. "Hey, Laurie, can't you wait up? David asked". Laurie you've got to stop writing stuff against the Wave. You're causing all kinds of problems. The Wave is causing the problems, David. It is not, David insisted. Look Laurie, we want you with us, not against us. Overcome with anger, David grabbed her other arm. Why did she have to be so stubborn? Why couldn't she see how good the Wave could be? We can stop you and we will. He shouted at her. Almost out of control, he screamed SHUT UP and threw her down onto the grass. It was crazy. David knew that he was wrong. This proves that Laurie made David believe in her.

The third evidence is when Laurie makes Mr. Ross finally stop the Wave. Laurie Saunders and David Collins go to Mr. Ross and explained to him that his experiment is out of control. This is clearly done on page 118. "Who is it? It's David Collins and Laurie Saunders. Surprise Ben pulled the door open. What are you doing here? He asked. It's late. Mr. Ross we have to talk to you. Well, come in and sit down, Ben said. As David and Laurie entered the living room, Ben could see that they were shaken up. Had something even worse happened because of the Wave? God forbid. The two students sat down on the couch, David leaned forward. Mr. Ross you've got to help us, he said, his voice filled with agitation. What is it? Ben asked. What's wrong. It's the wave, David said. Mr. Ross, said Laurie, we know how important this is to you- but it's gone too far. Before Ross could even respond, David added, it's taken over. Mr. Ross, you can't say anything against it and people are afraid to. The kids at the school are scared, replied Laurie. They're really scared. Not only to say anything against the Wave, but of what might happen to them if the don't go along with it." This statement proves that Laurie has gone to the highest authority Laurie does what ever it takes to stop the Wave. Laurie first figures out herself that the Wave is a threat when David argued with her; and when Brian beats a boy up because of the Wave, it causes Laurie to go against it even more. Laurie then started to convince her best friend Amy but she does not believe her either. Then, Laurie finally writes in "The Grapevine" the threat the Wave holds. The concepts of what the Wave article holds are stated on page 97. "The special edition of "The Grapevine" would include the story by the anonymous junior, and a report Carl had done on the sophomore who had been beaten up. But the most critical article was on the editorial Laurie had spent most of her Saturday writing. It expanded the Wave as a dangerous and mindless movement that suppressed freedom of speech and though it ran against everything the country was founded on." This proves that Laurie did a good job. After the members of the Wave read this they tried to stop Laurie. David (her boyfriend) was one of them that tried to stop her. David, who got angry because Laurie was arguing against him, pushed Laurie to the floor and hurt her. Since David thought that it was because of the Wave that forced him to hurt Laurie, he joined Laurie on stopping the Wave. Hence, they both go and try to convince Mr. Ross to stop the dangerous effect of the Wave.

If someone else were to read this book they would be confused at the fact that Laurie is the hero or is it Mr. Ross. The reason I chose Laurie as the hero is because she shows all the traits that I stated at the beginning that a hero must possess such as courage, determination, intelligence, compassion, responsible, and honesty. Mr. Ross was not at all responsible. He mistakenly lets loose such an experiment. This is proved on page, 122. "Ben sat up in his chair. Principal Owens, I understand the pressure your under. I know that the Wave has gone too far. I Ben took a deep breath. I realize that now that I made a mistake." In this quote Mr. Ross admits that he is wrong. Mr. Ross cannot be a hero if he is responsible for the conflict in the book. Mr. Ross is not compassionate either. Many people got hurt and he ignored them. He just continued on with the experiment. Thos is proven on page, 101. "In the faculty lounge, Ben Ross puts down his copy of "The Grapevine" and rubbed his temples with his fingers. Suddenly he had gotten a terrible headache. Something had gone wrong and somewhere in his mind Ross suspected that he was to blame for it." In this quote Ben Ross notices all the dangers of the Wave. But he continues on to try to finish the experiment in an orderly fashion. At the beginning, despite a student gets hurt he still continued the Wave parade. This proves that Mr. Ross could not have become the hero.

In conclusion, Laurie Saunders did many important things to stop the Wave. She wrote against the Wave in "The Grapevine", she got David Collins, one of the main students in the Wave, to join her in stopping the Wave, and she convinced Mr. Ross to stop the dangerous effects of the Wave. I have also proved why Laurie is the main hero in the story. The wave is a really interesting book and I would encourage anyone to read it. I enjoyed reading this spectacular, fulfilling, and adventures book as well!

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