"The Birds" Essay

Using the literary devices of setting, protagonist, and foreshadowing. Daphne du Maurier's short story "The Birds" can be compared and contrasted with Alfred Hitchcock's film "The Birds".

Setting is a major role in a story. The setting in the short story "The Birds" was Cornwall, England. Cornwall, England is a farm town near a bay. Cornwall has a freaky atmosphere that appears to be having a black winter arriving. The setting in the movie "The Birds" was Bodega Bay. Bodega Bay isn't like Cornwall, Bodega is somewhat a farm town, but is more like the outer part of a city. In the movie Bodega Bay has a pleasant atmosphere, until the tides started to change.There are many similarities and differences in the stories setting. In both the movie and the short story included suspenseful settings that were near a bay with birds attacking. There was also a difference in the setting, in the short story the setting took place in Cornwall, England, while the movie took place at Bodega Bay. Setting is a very important element where the whole story will take place.

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All stories and movies include a protagonist which is a main character or characters. In the short story, Nat Hocken was the protagonist. Because of wartime Nat is disabled, but still manages to be a farmer. Nat is a loving father and husband that cares for and protects his family. The movies had a different protagonist which was Melanie Daniels. Melanie is a rich, city girl that has a snobby attitude. People in the movie think that Melanie brought the birds. The protagonist in both the movie and story resemble each other and differ. Melanie and Nat are both frightened of the birds. Nat is disabled, and Melanie is not which makes Melanie benefit more. Every story includes a protagonist which is the main character.

Foreshadowing is something that shows suspense is occurring. In the short story there were many foreshadowings occurring, such as the chimney, Nat smokes last cigarette and the first attack. The foreshadowing in the book made you want to keep reading to see what happens. Foreshadowing occurred often in the short story. The movie also contained foreshadowings such as firth attack, chickens wont eat feed, and all the birds on the playground. The foreshadowing in the movie helped to show or to let you know something suspenseful is going to happen. It mad the movie more suspenseful. The movie and the short story contained similar foreshadowings, and different foreshadowing. Both had a fair attack, which birds started to attack. They also have different foreshadowings such as the movies had the playground, chicken feed, and many more while the story had the chimney, last cig, and more. Foreshadowing is an important element used to create suspense. "The Birds" by Daphne du Mauriers and "The Birds" by Alfred Hitchcock's have many similarities and differences those were just a few.

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Research Paper on A Man to Be Remembered

In 1619, a beginning to the development of America was the arrival of Africans to Jamestown. A Dutch slave trader exchanged his cargo of Africans for food, Africans became indentured servants, similar to many poor Englishmen who traded several years labor in exchange for passage to America, but up until 1680 the concept of racial-based slave system did not yet develop. Although the number of African American slaves grew slowly at first, by the 1680s African slave numbers grew to between 600,000 and 650,000 which had been forcibly transported to North America. By 1810, the number reached 6,000,000!! Slaves were forbidden from carrying guns, taking food, striking their masters, and running away. All slaves could be flogged or killed for resisting or breaking the slave codes (Sylvester). Although conditions became much better by January 15, 1929, when Martin Luther King Jr. was born into his Atlanta, Georgia home, weak traces of slavery and strong cases of prejudice and racism still existed. From birth, Martin Luther King Jr. helped change the American society's cruel ways and reform into a united nation, to live in peace with our brothers and sisters of the world.

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Martin Luther King Jr. was born into a family of ministers. His mother was a school teacher, who taught him to read before even going to school. A very good student, he was able to skip grades in elementary and high school. At 15 he enrolled at Morehouse College. He received a bachelor's degree in Sociology in 1948, also a B.D. in 1951 from Crozer Theological Seminary and a Doctorate of Philosophy in 1955 from Boston University. It was at Boston University that he met and married Coretta Scott. They moved to Montgomery, Alabama. By 1954 Martin Luther King Jr. became a pastor at Dexter Avenue Baptist Church in Montgomery. As a Reverend, he made many touching and impacting sermons, preaching his words and knowledge in hope for a better world. "Man was born into barbarism when killing his fellow man was a normal condition of existence. He became endowed with a conscience. And he has now reached the day when violence toward another human being must become as abhorrent as eating another's flesh" (King Why We Can't Wait).

From childhood, King experienced racism, including one instance where his neighbors would no longer allow him to play with their sons, because he was "colored" (Savier). He was strong enough to move on from that, and smart enough to know and realize that there was a LARGE problem in America, which he planned to fight to change.

Although King was born with his strong sense of ambition and determination, he had help along his way. Two people who played strong influence roles for him were : his father and Gandhi. His father instilled his religious beliefs into his young son, raising him as best as he could. Gandhi's peaceful teachings are said to have played a huge role when it came to King's leadership, especially Civil Rights Movements - which could've easily turned into chaos, "Since King believed that oppressed people have a moral obligation to resist any system that refuses to treat them as persons, he believed it necessary to expose and denounce any type of response by the oppressed that would ignore this duty to resist or even would resort to immoral forms of resistance. King chose, therefore, to pattern his crusades after Gandhi's" (Dinh).

King presented himself in a way like no one had done before, he was standing up for what he believed in, and stopping for no one, no matter what it took. King started his advancement to leadership in the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) in the South, lasting about eight years before it became national. In addition to the SCLC, King led and participated in the following Civil Rights Movements: the Montgomery Bus Boycott of 1955, the Birmingham Protest March, and March on Washington, both of 1963. Motivated by Gandhi, none of King's actions were violent, but they were peaceful. By 1965, Civil Rights Activists even made it possible to vote! King took a large part in the first steps toward black freedom.

By only 1964, King's work succeeded. He'd won the Nobel Peace Prize. He was named "Man of the Year" for 1963 by Time Magazine, where they discussed in an article his achievements and what he did to earn the Peace Prize. "It was the year of Birmingham, when the civil rights issue was impressed on the nation in a way that nothing else before had been able to do. It was the most decisive year in the Negro's fight for equality. Never before had there been such a coalition of conscience on this issue" (Martin Luther King Jr. : Never Again Where He Was). It was his strong leadership in the Birmingham Protest March, where civil rights issues were impressed on the nation in a way that nothing else before had been able to do. It was the most decisive year in the Negro's fight for equality. His leadership skills and nonviolent words and acts brought him to win the Nobel Peace Prize. Despite his best efforts, his protest movements often led to violence. He himself had been stabbed in the chest, physically attacked three more times; his home had been bombed three times, and he has been thrown into jail 14 times. He also received a lot of negative letters through mail. "After contemplation, I conclude that this award which I receive on behalf of that movement is profound recognition that nonviolence is the answer to the crucial political and moral question of our time -- the need for man to overcome oppression and violence without resorting to violence and oppression" (King Nobel Prize Acceptance Speech).

King impacted many people, from pro sports players, to hip hop artists, to the average person. "As far as black and white terms and everyone getting along, he paved the way. With my generation, that was never an issue; I didn't really see people as black and white. People are people, that's just the way I was raised. In that sense, he totally affected me - I had no prejudice toward anyone because I didn't see color" (Simmons). "We as a young generation haven't taken up civil rights because we see it as only part of the pie" (Williams). "I can still remember where I was the day Martin Luther King was shot in the San Francisco airport. My trip to Hawaii didn't seem quite as important that day. I pause to honor this brave man each year" (John).

Whether people of the past, present, or future, King has, is, and will, continue to impact lives. King did not only impact the people of his time, he made his mark around the world, for all time. He was a good man, he fought for what he believed in, and achieved it.

Although he strongly believed in non- violence and peace, ironically, and to the world's shame, King was assassinated. It was April 4, 1968 around 6:00pm. He stepped onto the balcony outside the Motel Lorraine in Memphis, Tennessee - meanwhile, from the bathroom of the flophouse across from where King was staying, James Earl Ray balanced on the edge of a bathtub, rested his rifle on the window sill, and fired a single shot that with trained-sniper perfection entered King in the head. This one shot was said to have a global impact.

We all reflect at least one day a year, about this man. It took 15 years after his death, but now every third Monday in January is celebrated in remembrance of Martin Luther King Jr.'s birthday, although his real birthday is January 15. Although it was controversial as to whether Martin Luther King Jr. should have his own individual holiday, or if it should be devoted to the Civil Rights Movement, Dr. King demonstrated strong qualities, earning his title, earning his day of remembrance.

"Most literature on King has limited him to the American context, presenting him as a southern black leader, a civil rights activist, an `American Gandhi' or a national symbol. This approach undermines King's importance as a world leader and fails to capture the extent to which he addressed the global realities of racism, poverty and war. Evidence of his global impact is the fact that his birthday is celebrated in about 100 countries around the world." (Baldwin)

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Frank Levy Term Paper

Frank Levy Research Paper

Since the 1970's income inequality in the United States has grown significantly. In The New Dollars and Dreams, Frank Levy argues that this widening gap among Americans has occurred for several reasons. All together, Levy presents four powerful arguments that help guide his reader to a deeper understanding of our current economic income situation. These arguments are centered on skill bias in current markets, restructuring of firms and businesses, market structures and distribution of earnings, geographical changes in income distribution and their affect on the nature of income inequality and, finally, the current state of American welfare institutions (Levy 5). Ultimately, Levy feels that the government can do a better job of providing equal opportunity for all members of society and protecting individuals who are victims of economic change.

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First of all, it is important to recognize that our current economy has a much larger skill bias than it did fifty years ago. Levy identifies this primary economic difference as a precursor to many later arguments in the book: "the 1950's economy was not skill biased: Low skilled workers displaced in one industry could get good jobs in another industry and so incomes automatically grew throughout the distribution" (Levy 3). Between 1979 and 1996, however, skill bias increased significantly in the job market. Most of this change was attributed to new developments in market technology, which created a higher demand for skilled workers. [The net effect of this job bias was an increase in the number of jobs in the upper and lower income range.] In addition, restructuring of businesses and firms in the 1980's in response to government deregulation also contributed to unequal income distribution (Levy 75). Firms fired thousands of employees, closed many existing plants, and opened up new plants using new technology and machinery that the previously fired workers could not operate. Restructuring extended to the service industry as well. For example, a large degree of deregulation took place in the banking industry in the late 1980's, putting banks under greater competitive pressure to both cut costs and build market share (75). To reduce their costs, banks increasingly relied on computers and new technologies to perform routine tasks (ATMs are a good example). In addition, banks tended to focus much of their labor force on marketing as a means of expanding their market share. The overall result was that banks favored different types of employees: skilled computer technicians to operate the machines and marketing experts to help sell the new services that had been created with the banks improved technologies (76).

Levy also argues that the structure of today's labor has led to income disparity. In chapter 5, Levy addresses two main perceptions of today's job market: the first is that earnings correlate with genetic intelligence and so earnings inequality cannot be moderated by policy; the second idea is that the economy is based on a winner take-all market in which the very highest incomes grow enormously while other incomes remain the same (Levy, 77). In 1994, Richard Herrnstein published The Bell Curve. The book proposes that a person's skill and, consequently, his or her income, is a matter of individual intelligence. Ultimately, this is a natural variable which cannot be affected by public policy.

Levy believes, however, that the situation is more complex. For example, gender provides an important exception. It is commonly known that both women and men have similar intelligence and yet women earned only 70 to 75 percent of the wages of men. In addition, college education plays a key role because different incomes exist between college graduates and non-college graduates. Which individuals decide to go to college, however, is determined by more than just intelligence. Family income, family background, and one's previous level of education also play a critical role, according to Levy. A third determining factor of income inequality is accounting rules. Accounting rules allow executives to have large stock options that are tax-free until exercised. Unlike Herrnstein's intelligence factor though, these benefits arise because of "man-made rules" and an individual's position within a firm or company (Levy, 118). All together, gender, education, and accounting rules play a key role in income distribution and undermine the claim that intelligence is the sole cause of income differences amongst individuals (Levy, 118).

Levy also addresses the idea of the "winner-take-all" market which he believes has led to greater income disparity. Much of these markets involve CEOs, a group whose average earnings were nearly 70 times that of the average adult male in the 1980's (Levy, 123). Winner-take-all markets often involve high-stake, complicated services where specialization or expertise is necessary (121). Winner take-all-markets do not account for all increases in concentration of income, however. Deregulation and an increasingly competitive environment are also important causes of economic inequality (123). Financial markets tend to place pressure on a firm's CEO to pursue cost-reduction techniques, often in the form of downsizing and layoffs. Such practices created a climate where employees are often cautious about asking for higher wages. In addition, corporate boards have traditionally approved higher CEO pay. CEO's can increase this money even further through the accounting rules. While CEO wages found plenty of opportunities to rise, other wages stayed at the same level, creating greater income inequality. Ultimately, the combination of winner-take-all markets and deregulated, competitive markets created lower job security and less bargaining power for workers. More emphasis, Levy argues, is needed on education to provide workers with the skills that are necessary for today's labor market (125).

Changes in the geographical distribution of income also changed the nature of income distribution. In the 1950's, the poorest quintile of the population was concentrated in the south and other rural areas. In 1947, in terms of 1997 dollars, southern white families averaged 12,600 per year while white New York families averaged 21,800 per year (Levy 127). The next fifty years of migration, however, changed the nature of income inequality from regional to demographic. The lowest income group was often female-headed households living in inner cities and with limited education. This situation presents a more permanent problem than income distribution in the 1950's, however, because there was a lack of skill bias in the job market and poor southern families had the opportunity to move north to find decent jobs. Today, Female-headed families who lack a college education have very little to gain by relocating themselves and looking for new work. The demographic nature of income also threatens to pose permanent problems for education. The current system of funding educational services in the _____ was primarily through local governments and, as a result, many school districts lacked the financial resources to give students a good education. This was a problem that could be passed on from generation to generation. Levy summarizes theses important economic differences in the end of chapter 6: "whereas the old regional income differences were eroded by migration and industrial change, the new interregional differences, based on family structure and education, risk becoming much more durable" (Levy 146).

Finally, Levy contends that the current state of welfare also contributes to income inequality. Levy outlines what he believes to be the general function of welfare in chapter 7: "The welfare state is one of the nation's major equalizing institutions, designed to protect individuals against the poverty of old age, unemployment, broken families, and similar conditions" (148). One major concern about welfare, however, is the effect it has on individual responsibility, often providing individuals with an easy way out. For example, Social Securities often discourage individuals to save for retirement. In addition, Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) which was designed to protect children from a father leaving the family can be viewed as an incentive to form female-headed families (Levy 148). Both of these situations magnified the problems that they were supposed to solve and that exist in the welfare system today.

The current welfare system also assumes that social structures are the same as they were 50 years ago and that a growing economy corresponds to growing wages. Even though the overall economy grew, however, incomes continued to remain stagnant for female single-head families and other sectors of the population that welfare targeted. This stagnation underlined a much wider social problem. For example, from 1973 to 1996, the percentage of GDP that went to welfare transfer payments increased from 5.4 to 14 (Levy, ). Despite this overall increase in welfare expenditures, however, income inequality continued to rise. The prime reason was there were more and more households that lacked a working member and, consequently, transfer payments went to a greater fraction of the population. Ultimately, Levy concludes that more must be done to help the welfare state balance two main goals: "fostering individual responsibility and providing a decent safety net".(149) The combination of providing incentives that encourage recipients not to work and old social assumptions about the welfare state had combined to reduce the effectiveness of the welfare system.

In summary, Levy presents several important reasons for the inequality of income distribution in the United States. Increased skill bias, market restructuring, the current structure of the labor market, changes in the nature of income distribution, and the current state of America's welfare institutions are all major factors. His overall argument in The New Dollars and Dreams is that the evolution of income disparity has developed because of a complex set of factors. An explanation of unequal income distribution cannot be simply reduced to arguments of inherited intelligence and other one-dimensional factors.

Income disparity is an important issue to economists for several reasons. First of all, the same factors that determine income equality are also indicators of the long-run health of the economy. These include the level of skill bias, the quality of equalizing institutions, and the growth of economic productivity (Levy, 188). Since these factors are closely tied together, one can receive good indications about future performance of the economy based on statistics of income distribution. Secondly, economists are concerned about unequal income distribution because of the negative impact it has on education. In general, when income inequality is high, the individuals with the lowest incomes generally receive the poorest education. Without quality education available for all individuals across all demographics, the economy suffers from lower productivity due to skill biases in the market. Economists are also concerned about unequal income distribution because if the income disparity gap grows too much, the market system may eventually lose support and pro-growth policies may vanish. For example, the public or U.S. government may decide that not enough people are reaping benefits from increased production and that equalizing institutions are not effective in preventing the most extreme outcomes of unequal income distribution. A return to government regulated markets would put a damper on overall growth of the economy. Finally, economists are concerned about unequal income distribution because it creates pessimistic attitudes amongst the poorest sectors of the public. For example, if the poorest feel that they cannot escape their poverty through persistence and hard work, they will eventually lack incentive to work hard and will increasingly rely on government assistance programs in lieu of work. Ultimately, if enough people are dissatisfied with the way income is being distributed, there will be a slowdown in GDP and U.S. influence in the world economy.
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Pinocchio Term Paper

Pinocchio Essay

Pinocchio (1940) is based on the novel The Adventures of Pinocchio by Carlo Collodi. It is Disney's second animated masterpiece and is directed by Hamilton Luske and Ben Sharpsteen. It stars Dickie Jones as the voice of Pinocchio, Cliff Edwards as the voice of Jiminy Cricket, and Christian Rub as the voice of Geppetto. (IMDB)

The film starts with Geppetto finishing a little, wooden puppet, that he names Pinocchio. He wishes that Pinocchio was a little boy to a shooting star and it comes true while he sleeps. The blue fairy arrives and transforms the little toy into a wooden boy and designates Jiminy Cricket as his conscience. When Geppetto discovers his wish came true, he is overjoyed. (Animated-movies)

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Pinocchio has to go to school, like all regular little boys do, but is stopped along the way by Honest John, a giant talking fox, whose voice is played by Walter Catlett. Honest John convinces Pinocchio to ditch school and join a menagerie, against the advice of Jiminy Cricket. After the string less puppet show, Pinocchio is imprisoned by Stromboli, a fat puppet master, whose voice is played by Charles Judels. He escapes with the help of the blue fairy again and makes way back to Geppetto. (Animated-movies)

The next day, he returns to school, but is again sidetracked by Honest John. Honest John decides to sell him to a coachman. The coachman brings him to a place where little boys have fun. They destroy stuff and smoke cigars. Pinocchio meets a friend, Lampwick, played by Frankie Darro. They play pool together and he turns into a donkey. Pinocchio starts to turn into a donkey too, but he stops being a bad boy and is stuck as a halfway donkey. (Animated-movies)

He is able to escape with Jiminy Cricket and make his way back to Geppetto's house. But he finds out Geppetto has left to find him, but was swallowed by a giant whale. Pinocchio decides to go with Jiminy Cricket to find Geppetto. They head out to sea and sure enough are soon swallowed by the whale too. He finds Geppetto and they escape the whale by lighting a fire. The whale, angered by the fire, decides to chase after them. Pinocchio is able to escapes, but has to return to save Geppetto. (Animated-movies)

Geppetto survives the encounter with the whale, but he discovers Pinocchio dead. He is saddened, but the blue fairy brings Pinocchio back to life as a real boy. Pinocchio and Geppetto then head back home to live happily ever after.(Animated-movies)

Pinocchio (1940) is a cartoon, but it is also a melodrama. Broken Lullaby (1932) is another melodrama. Paul Renaud is a French soldier who pretends to be a friend of a German soldier who he killed. He regrets it and sacrifices his life to be the German soldier's replacement for his family. Pinocchio also sacrifices his own life to save Geppetto. This is their grand gesture, where you give up your own life for someone else. The two films might look really different, but at the core, they are actually pretty similar.

Pinocchio (1940) is a good film, but I just don't enjoy it too much anymore. It was great when I was younger, but it doesn't hold much appeal for me anymore. This film is also kind of creepy for little kids. It's like a horror movie turned down a notch. I have to admit though, the music was pretty catchy and was the high part of the film. I recommend this film to kids who like to be scared and adults who like movies for little kids.

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Swing vs Bebop Term Paper

Bebop and Swing Research Paper

In the words of Duke Ellington, "Swing is not a kind of music, it is the part of rhythm that causes a bouncing, buoyant, terpsichorean urge." The swing era started in the 1930's and went through the mid 1940's becoming a huge phenomenon, taking jazz to heights of popularity never achieved before or since. Because of this, public dancing also gained popularity. By the 1930's it became one of the key American rituals. For some people, dancing and swing music served as an important social event, and for others it offered a much-needed escape from the economic difficulties of the depression which was going on during that time. History has affected swing in other times also. World War II caused hundreds of thousands of blacks to move north and west to work in war plants. All these people helped support a style of black popular music, which would be called R&B. There was also a recording ban from 1942-44 that influenced the creation of another style of music, bebop. Swing and other types of music of that time all affected each other and had many similarities and differences.

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A musician who had a huge influence on the formation of swing or big band music was Louis Armstrong. Louis Armstrong's rhythmic innovations loosened up the beat of jazz, provided a greater variety of rhythms, and made its momentum more flowing. This influenced other musicians and transformed the rhythmic feel of Jazz. These changes in the rhythms of jazz became more pronounced as traditional instruments were replaced by newer instrument techniques such as the tuba used to keep a "two-to-the-bar beat", being replaced with a fleeter string bass to keep a "four-to-the-bar beat", producing an even, flowing feel.

During the time of swing music, the record industry was greatly affected. It went from a low of 10 million units sold in 1933, to 33 million in 1938 and 127 million in 1941. All of this profit from records made dance bands very competitive. Bands attracted enthusiastic followers, orchestras engaged in band battles, and jazz magazines ran readers polls to select the top groups.

Swing also helped in forward strides in race relations. Before the swing era, there was a nationwide racial divide between blacks and whites. In 1935, Benny Goodman established a racially mixed band, which made it safe for other bands to do so.

The success of the swing era came to an end 1942 when, on August 1, the American Federation of Musicians led a recording ban. This was because of the record companies refusal to contribute a payment per recording to the union's pension fund. Musicians were forced to stop making records for sale to the public until further notice with the exception of a few recordings intended exclusively for radio stations. It was during this ban that a new style of jazz was formed, bebop.

The recording ban, World War II economy, and changes in tastes had driven many big bands out of business, which left room for the bebop style. The bebop style grew directly out of the small swing groups, but placed a much higher emphasis on technique than on singable melodies like the swing music. Unlike swing, bebop was not intended to be dance music, but still had fast tempos and difficult eight note runs like swing. Also like swing, bebop had a "father of the movement" who was Alto saxophonist Charlie "Bird" Parker along with his partner, trumpet player Dizzy Gillespie. Their quartet and other small-group recordings formed the foundation of bebop and most modern jazz.

Like the previous big band or swing styles, many of the compositions created by the bop musicians were new melodies written to the chord changes, or harmonic structure, of pre-existing songs. An example of this is the Gershwin Classic "I Got Rhythm." Charlie Parker "remade" it many times in his songs such as "Red Cross" (1944), "Chasin The Bird" (1947), and "Steeplechase" (1948).

Like Swing, bebop was still based on the principle of improvisation, but the tempos were faster, the phrases longer and more complex, and the tone of the music ranged to sadness rather than the joy and happiness of swing. Musicians were starting to think of themselves as artists, rather than entertainers and made little efforts to use vocals, dancing and comedy as some musicians had done before.

The two types of music, swing and bebop, are very related and often are hard to tell apart. Both are still styles of jazz, which started with African music and Ragtime. They were both started by a single person who inspired others to use the same style in their own music, in Swing it was Louis Armstrong, and in bebop it was Charlie Parker and Dizzy Gillespie. The instruments making up the bands were pretty much the same in both bebop and swing. They consisted of piano, bass, drums, saxophone and or trumpet or trombone. Also, the styles both include the principle of improvisation, which made it possible for the musicians to change the song around, rather than play the exact same notes every time. The musicians from both eras also "contrafact" songs or write new melodies to existing songs. Contrafacting is as old as the style of jazz itself and famous musicians such as Charlie Parker, Bud Powell, and Duke Ellington.

All types of jazz, whether swing, bebop or others like ragtime and cool jazz, have been influenced by the style before it. Change is pretty much a jazz tradition. With all the changing audiences and opinions, there was bound to be someone who would decide to do something different and end up creating a new type of music. Emerging artists did and probably will in times to come be inspired by some source or another and express whatever they want in the international, influential language of jazz.

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Seven Samurai Term Paper

"Seven Samurai" Essay

I'm really hard pressed to find any similarities between The Tale of Heike, and Seven Samurai aside from the warrior caste of samurai. One thing that might be worth noting is that honor came before the personal self. In Heike the warring factions constantly stop their engagements to test one another's code of honor and skill, usually in the form of a contest; for example shooting an arrow through a fan. In Seven Samurai the true warriors not the farmers seemed to be aiding the peasants for no other reason than bound by honor because of being a warrior, and also perhaps seeking an honorable samurai's death.

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It really struck me how good the story of the Seven Samurai is, and also how universal its appeal is to many cultures. The theme of putting yourself second and helping those that need to be helped transcends into many cultures. So much so that the remake of The Magnificent Seven was revamped towards a Western culture audience. Even Stephen King paid tribute to Akira Kurosawa in a prologue to his up coming book, Part V in the Dark Tower series. In Stephen King's book a small farming community is plagued by a group they call "wolves" that come and steal their children. Like in Seven Samurai one farmer convinces the rest to fight, and they hire a wondering group of Gunslingers to help them.

Not only is the plot-line the same, but in Seven Samurai the farmer/samurai, who was also the thieve in Rashomon, I can not remember his name, called the bandits "wolves" a few times in the second half of the movie. Actually, I have a printed copy I'd be happy to let you read, if you wish. Part V isn't out yet, but Stephen King on his website admitted that even more obvious tributes to Akira Kurosawa will be in the published book.

One scene in the movie that I thought was extremely symbolic was after Manzo found out about his daughter and the young samurai's relationship he was in an uproar that night. In the film a shot is on the fire and then it starts to rain and the audience watches the fire die out, and at this same moment in the movie is also when the farmers and the samurai's fire to fight dampens because of Manzo's anger.

In Kurosawa's autobiography he says that the principal theme in all his movies is change, an out with the old and in with the new idea. I think the best example of this in Seven Samurai is the changing of how warfare is fought. The battle between the old ways of Bushido and the new school of using guns is clearly presented in the film. The master-swordsman, again I'm bad with names, is the best with his blade and arguably the picture perfect samurai in the movie dies from some lesser bandit's gun, hidden in a barn. If they fought by the code of Bushido it is not a question who would have won; but because warfare was changing in the sixteenth century a true warrior could be easily killed by a less skilled guns-man.

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Research Paper on Shakespearean Tragedies

Initially, William Shakespeare, perhaps the greater playwright of all time, wrote a number of works consisting of comedies, sonnets, and tragedies. Arguably William Shakespeare's magnum opus, Hamlet, is the classic example of a tragedy. In almost all tragedies the hero suffers, and usually dies at the end. Othello stabs himself, Romeo and Juliet commit suicide, Brutus falls on his sword, and like them Hamlet dies by being cut with a poison tipped sword. But sometimes a hero doesn't need to die. There are more elements needed to proclaim a character a tragic hero in a Shakespearean sense. The tragic hero must display strength of character, be fully aware of every assault upon him, and is endowed with the power of expression. In Hamlet, the tragic hero is weaved into the theme. Characters, Ophelia, Laertes, and Hamlet all pose important roles in the novel. Two of which are tragic heroes, one of which does not meet or exceed the criteria.

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First of all, Ophelia does not have all of the elements needed to be considered a Shakespearean tragic hero. She doesn't have the strength of character needed to match the harmful matters thrown at her. Ophelia doesn't have an opinion of her own. "I do not know, my lord, what I should think." (1.3.110) When her verbose father tells her what to do, she is submissive and obeys immediately. "I shall obey, my lord."(1.3.143) Next, Ophelia can't be a tragic hero because she is not aware of the assault against her. When the megalomaniac, Claudius, and his drooling sycophant Polonius want to determine the root of Hamlet's insanity, they use poor obsequious Ophelia as bait for Hamlet and she isn't aware if this sneaky scheme.

Secondly, Laertes does exhibit qualities of a tragic hero in a Shakespearean sense. He has a very strong character needed to survive in Elsinore. He stands up to powerful characters, such as the King. "How came he be dead? I'll not be juggled with!" (4.5.141) He is not always aware of the assaults against him, but sometimes demonstrates that ability. Laertes uses the power of expression with his sister. He tells her that Hamlet really doesn't love her and that everything he says are lies. "Think it no more."(1.3.13)

Finally, the most important tragic hero, Hamlet exhibits all three elements of a hero the best out of the three characters. Hamlet is paranoid and worrisome about everything. Although Hamlet is over analytical, he has a strong character. He stands up to his mother and uncle when he doesn't approve of their marriage. "Mother, you have my father much offended." (3.4.11) He knows of the assaults planned against him, but thought too much and didn't act on them. Since he didn't act on his first thoughts, he is stabbed and told of the plot against him by Laertes. "I can no more: the king, the king's to blame." (5.2.340) The embittered Hamlet uses his power of expression to anyone around him, but is careful of what he says.

William Shakespeare's tragic heroes exhibit similar characteristics, but not all of his characters are tragic heroes. Of his works, Hamlet is one of his best. In this story, the two tragic heroes die, but in all instances this isn't true. A tragic hero can be found with the qualities of a strong character, aware of assaults against him, and has the power of expression. Hamlet and Laertes show these qualities, but Ophelia does not.

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