Positivism in Human Geography Research Paper

Theory, Evolution, Criticism, and Application

Positivism is the philosophy developed by Auguste Comte who believed that the only authentic knowledge is scientific knowledge which is obtained only from the positive affirmation of theories using the experimental methods. This belief was proposed in the early 19th century as the opposite philosophy to Enlightenment thinkers. Comte observed that scientific method is replacing metaphysics because there is the circular dependence of theory and observations in science. Comte has become one of the leading thinkers of the social evolutionism. Today positivism has evolved into the stage of anthropological evolutionism – science and rational explanations for scientific phenomena being inter-dependent.

Comte’s belief

Positivism had gained its popularity in the 1950s when science was viewed as the numerical set of statements, and there was the need to demonstrate the logical structure of these statements. Positivism rejects classical metaphysics because it insists that at least some of the statements are testable and can be either confirmed or falsified; while the teleological statements are un-testable by nature. The key believes of positivism include the belief that science is cumulative and predominantly trans-cultural; belief that science is based on the specific results that are not associated with the personality of the investigator.

Essay: Are Managers Made or Born?

Introduction
The discussion of the matter whether managers are born or made continues to engross minds of many scientists, who conduct multiple types of research and surveys to get to the truth and answer the question. At the same time owners of large companies also ponder over this matter, dreaming about hiring a “super manager” to fulfill all of the tasks. Students, who study to become a manager with the primary goal to earn as much money as possible, also want to know the answer to reach their goals.

However, a clear answer stating that good managers are only born or they are only made has not been given yet. The majority of participants in the discussion are convinced that managers are gone, meaning that a person who does not have any education and experience in management cannot be a manager in any field of business. History of world business sometimes disproves the theory that all managers are made, and once in a while, the world of business is struck by the information about ordinary people who have become very successful managers. It is not necessary to look through the piles of newspapers and magazines to find a proper example, which Bill Gates certainly makes. Being a chairman of Microsoft Corporation now, Gates developed a version of programming language BASIC when he was a student at Harvard University. And in 1975 (his third year at the university) he and his friend Paul Allen already started their own company. There is no information in his biography about special training how to be a manager; however, Bill Gates became not only a successful manager but also a world leader in computer software. But, without the proper university education, Bill Gates could only be a computer genius not a chairman of Microsoft Co.

Orgon Personality in 'Tartuffe'

Jean Baptiste Poquelin Moliere (1622-1673), the famous French playwright, played a significant role in the development of theatre. His contribution to world play art is very hard to overestimate. The characters and stories Moliere depicts in his plays became familiar and favorite to millions of thankful readers and viewers. One of the best works of this outstanding author is the comedy play 'Tartuffe'.

Tartuffe is a funny story about human weaknesses and flaws. The play takes place in Paris in the year 1660. The main character is Tartuffe, rather clever but greedy man who wants to become wealthy by deceiving others. He is a talented hypocrite and uses every possibility to mislead people. His principal aim is Orgon, the head of the wealthy family, with house, money, and beautiful daughter, Mariane. Tartuffe puts all his efforts to conquer the mind and the heart of Orgon’s family. 

Instructional Materials Development

Visual aids are recommended for use in virtually any kinds of college or university presentation.

Professors use visual presentations to increase students’ understanding of the topic and chosen theme.

Visual presentations are necessary to foster student’s learning and understanding of events, sequences and relationships. These visuals allow students to make abstract events and events distant in time more real for students. The following essay will speak about the importance of visuals in modern day education. I will comment on the selected visual and express my educated opinion on the importance of visuals.

Now let’s analyze the goals of visual communication as depicted below:

Academic Redshirting Essay

Till recent time the term ‘redshirting’ was usually used in college sport. It was used to describe the situation, when a student was kept away from the sport competition during the period of one year.

There were several possible reasons for this “redshirting”. There reasons were academic, medical or simply giving the chance for other students to take part in certain sport activity.

This strategy was also used in order to give athletes time to train more and to improve their skills.

After certain time the term “redshirting” has got another shade of meaning. In modern language academic redshirting stands for keeping children who must go to school one more year in kindergarten. Parents and teachers use academic redshirting in a strong belief that extra year will let children grow physically and emotionally and will make them more prepared for school. Recent statistics shows that redshirting is a rather common phenomenon in the modern society. “The National Center for Education Statistics and the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study report that between six and nine percent of age-eligible kindergartners are held back from on-time school entry.” (West, Meek, & Hurst, 2002, p.67).

Competent Learner or Successful Student?

Introduction
Have you noticed that people who had perfect grades during their college or University study not always become successful professionals in their further life? It can be partially explained by the educational system adapted in the whole world till recent times. All our system education was based on the results achieving and thus being a successful student meant only getting high grades during the tests or exams. Individual peculiarities of the learners and their psychical differences were not taken into account by the educational system. Result-centered education process came to the society people who possessed a lot of knowledge and no ability to learn something new or ability to adapt the changeable surrounding. Finally, it made the methodologists and all those interested in the effectiveness of the studying process to turn their attention to the learning process itself without such close links to its results.

Essay: Does Life after Death Exist?

Does Life after Death Exist: View on Different Concepts in Buddhism and Confucianism
Both China and India have very long histories, describing the life of people in these two countries since antiquity till today. China as well as India possesses many exciting and at the same time unique customs, traditions, and beliefs. People of both countries practice different religions, such as Buddhism, Hinduism, Taoism, Confucianism, Islam, Christianity, and others. However, it’s not so unusual to compare beliefs of two countries, as we already know a lot of facts about Indian and Chinese religions and cultures. Thus, the current essay will explore the concepts of life and death in Buddhism, since it is the second widespread religion in India, teaching people rather unusual ways how to reach happiness, and concepts of life and death in Confucianism, because it was one of the main religions in ancient China, and had a great impact on cultural and social views of its people. The matter of life and death is addressed in all religions. Some of the religions state that there is life after death, emphasizing the importance of living a pious life because human souls go to heaven or hell after death, which is conditioned by person’s previous life. Others reject the idea of life after death, stating that human souls live forever, or that there is neither heaven nor hell, and that human souls might settle down in animals or plants. Thus, the matter of life after death remains a rather controversial one, provoking multiple disputes between religions. The main goal of this essay is to find out if life after death is possible, and how this concept is discussed in Buddhism and Confucianism.

General Motors Research Paper

General Motors is a complex organization that operates globally and has a matrixed structure. For years, it has been no easy task to function successfully as the world’s largest automotive corporation. Overcoming various challenges of the modern business environment requires an adequate organizational structure accompanied by efficient and visionary leadership. In fact, the researchers today speak of the importance of strategic management in the context of organizational structure:

“Effective strategic management includes a global external orientation, clear business segmentation, an intimate understanding of strategic marketing and competitor analysis, a focus on appropriate measures of performance, systematic resource allocation, and a supporting organization structure and culture. The development of strategic management systems with these components will facilitate American organizations to compete effectively both domestically and internationally.” (Kellogg School of Management, 2005, “Why Strategy Is Important Today”)

As the official website of the company informs, the activity of General Motors is overseen by the Board of Directors. The Board has two main functions: the firsts are associated with electing the officers of the corporation, and the later is connected to managing its performance. At the moment, there are eleven Board members, including nine non-employee members and two management members. The Board maintains the corporation’s business and fulfills its tasks through some Committees. At the moment, there are six committees: Audit, Capital Stock, Director Affairs, Executive Compensation, Investment Funds, and Public Policy.

Textual Analysis Essay Sample

The text analyzed is an article from the Salon magazine website entitled "So What’s It All About, Barbie?". The Editors of Mothers Who Think who authored the article ridicule the recent shift in the fashion industry that has created Barbies of healthier and more real-life proportions. Instead, they call the allegations against the favorite toys of generations “the paranoid fantasies of conspiracists who'd like us to believe that the doll is an agent of antifeminist mind control” (“So What’s It All About, Barbie?”, 1997). The claim that the slim toy is “being partly responsible for eating disorders in teenage girls as well as breast implants and cosmetic surgery in adult women” is proclaimed ridiculous (“So What’s It All About, Barbie?”, 1997). The main ideas have been discovered through reading the paragraphs and observing shifts in the author’s discussion. First presenting factual information about the debate, the authors then move toward formulating their position in the debate.

Introducing their position with rhetorical questions “But isn't interpretation what toys are all about?” also helps the reader to find the main ideas (“So What’s It All About, Barbie?”, 1997).

War on Terrorism Research Paper

To begin with, the great danger of terrorism today is the stigmata of the 21st century…

People have always looked for righteousness in their lives. All of them are sure to have their own vision of happiness, good life, justice. However, sometimes their standpoints are deeply different. 

Here is the problem of misunderstanding between them. People keep leading the same way of life and they remain different, they have different views on the world around them: for some people the world is beautiful and practically perfect, for others it is it is wrong and bad overwhelmed with injustice. As a result people want to change the current situation in the world through the modification of the contemporary world. Unfortunately, some people intend to change the world but their purpose may be ruinous and dangerous. Such people make others suffer greatly. They are cruel. They hate authorities and the official power. They think the world is guilty in all their misfortunes and they want to revenge. As a result they can commit terrible crimes, trying to make people to be afraid of life. They try to destroy the stability of mankind with the help of terror. Sometimes they fight for their own religious ideals… They imagine they are the arms of God to punish and to change the world. Their ill psyche – not their motherland or compatriots - are sure to be the main problem. That’s why the way to get rid of fear, to save our world from the darkness of terrorism is not the distribution of cruelty and war. We must learn to struggle not with nations but with the dangerous elements of society.

Confessions of an Economic Hit Man Book Review

Perkins’s book called "Confessions of an Economic Hit Man" provoked intense debates after it was published. The reading audience was divided into two big camps – those who believed Perkins’ words and those who didn’t. I think everybody should read this book to make an opinion of his own. Also, the book is straightforward and interesting to read.

Confessions revealed by the author of the book came as a great shock to those, who had some illusions about the American economy and politics. In his book, John Perkins describes his work for the secret organization, which was specialized in giving big loans to international countries with weak economies to get control their savings by dictating the repayment terms later. The facts revealed by the author disclose unfair methods of economical pressure the US used to gain the influence on the economic world scene. The effects are sad and frightening. Dirty tricks, manipulations and even murders – this is only the short list of policies implemented by the organization the author had been working for. The number institutions, situated in the US, developed strategies and secret schemes of investments to make countries dependent on the US. The facts described in the book prove that the US put an enormous money and effort to take the control over the world economy. In the situations where economical instruments didn’t work the US had to turn to war actions against the unruly countries.

Armenian Genocide Research Paper

Armenians as many other nations have been persecuted for hundreds of years and this fact of Armenian history isn’t as famous as tortures of Christians in a Moslem world, for example. Who knows very well about events that took place between April and October 1915? It was the time when 1.2 million Armenians were made to leave their homes by the Turkish government and were sent on death march into the Syrian Desert. This match was called “death”, as they were sent with no water or food. The silence used to be a rule for most Armenian families and the Armenian-American family of Peter Balakian, the author of the book “Black Dog of Fate”, was no exception. Tortures of Armenian population were a forbidden topic in his family. Nobody had ever mentioned about horrible starvation and murders of his relatives until Peter was twenty. Only then he learned that his grandmother was one of the survivors of Armenian genocide. Soon he got to all the truth and couldn’t keep silence as all members of his family and other Armenians. The result is his famous book “Black Dog of Fate” that combines facts about Balakian’s family, a story about the boy who became elder and all in this book is a history of Armenian people and their extermination in Turkey.

The title is based on a parable that was told Peter Balakian by his grandmother, Nafina. The story is about goddess Fate and two kinds of gifts that were made for her. The first gift was a young meaty lamb, its eyes were like two rubies and his body was stuffed with almonds. The second gift was a dead black dog with a wormy apple in its mouth. The main paradox is that goddess Fate didn’t take the lamb and accepted the dead dog. The life is unpredictable and just this fact is the purport of the book and it is reflected in the title.

Article Critique Essay Example

Article Critique: Same-Sex Parent Families: Relationships, Parenting, and issues of Marriage.

Having read the article titled “Same-sex couples and same-sex-parent families: relationships, parenting, and issues of marriage” written by Dr. Anne-Marie Ambert I came to a much better realization of the existing problems and issues that surround same-sex marriages and cohabitation.

The primary central theme pointed out in the article is the ethics. Homosexuality is considered to be innate rather than chosen voluntarily by people, and thus cannot be regarded as a personal perversion or sin. Same-sex couples, therefore, deserve the same level of respect and understanding as people with other innate qualities they did not choose such as age, gender or race.

The second important theme that needs to be pointed out here is the misunderstandings that heterosexuals have about gays. 

These misconceptions are shown below:

American Family Research Paper

The Portrayal of American Families in the Movies

Today it’s hard to find a person who would be indifferent to family values, marriage, and family union. The need o family is one of the central benefits of an individual; family is a natural union of man and woman and is a cell of the society and the entire nation. It’s often said that the love of the motherland, other people are born only to the family. So it’s quite absurd to discuss what the family gives to a child and a person. Of course, the leading role of the family is to prepare an individual for his future independent life in society. Like other cultures of Christian tradition (mostly European cultures), American culture views family to be central in molding personality and teaching him social basics. The role of the family had passed through an evolution in quite a short period some 50-60 years. The youth of 1950’s was in many aspects different from the youth of 1900’s, and the youth of 2000’s is different from the youth of 1950’s. The main reason for such evolution is devoted to the social, political and economic aspects of our life. Technological and Cultural Revolution played a considerable role as well. Youth, the most dynamic part of society, was always subjected to different political and cultural new trends, ideologies and philosophies. It’s explained by the lack of experience, lack of firm ideals, principles, and pure maximalism.

UC Admission Essay: Personal Statement

1) Academic Preparation

The UC seeks to enroll students who take the initiative in pursuing their education, and I am the very person who plans to major in sociology at this university. Initially, it was somewhat hard for me to decide what field I would major, yet thanks to my university professors who introduced me to different areas of study, I understood that sociology is precisely what I would like to be doing till the rest of my days.

My experience in sociology would start in high school where I would organize a high school club called “international unity” that would deal with volunteer work in our communities. Although volunteering at different places, I liked my church volunteering experience where I had the superb opportunity to help other people in need of necessities of living. I was able to meet new people and make new friends who as I realize now would always provide me with new experiences, ideas, and things that I could improve.

From my volunteering experienced I gained a lot of patience and tolerance as well as I managed to overcome some stereotypes related to culture, race, poverty, and success in life. This experience, in my opinion, will undoubtedly make me the right candidate for a university majoring in sociology.

Flooding and Human Activity in the Himalayas

Explain why the Himalayas is naturally active in terms of geomorphological processes.

The Himalayas is a mountain range in Asia that lies between the Indian subcontinent and the Tibetan Plateau. Its formation began around 45 million years ago and continues up until now. The Indo-Australian plate is moving into the Asian plate and the Himalayas is rising about 5 mm per year. Because of the plate movement the region of Himalayas is also seismically active. Along with the earthquakes, such natural hazards as floods, landslides, and erosions also happen in the Himalayas.

There are about 15000 glaciers on the Himalayan range, many of which are declining in size. The higher parts of the mountain range are covered with snow all year long. The snow as well as some of the glaciers melt and the water flows into several rivers, most of which compose two large basins: the Indus Basin the Ganges-Brahmaputra Basin.

Rainstorms and snow melts cause floods in the Himalayas. Sub-tropical climate together with high and steep landscapes and weakened rocks are responsible for landslide and erosion. Active tectonics cause many landslides, which occur nearly everywhere in the Himalayas. One of these events can cause a chain reaction. For example, an earthquake or heavy rainstorms can trigger a landslide; a landslide can block a river, create a dam, which will lead to a flood.

Essay: Should Physician-Assisted Suicide Be Legal?

“Have the courage to live. Anyone can die,” – said Robert Cody. Indeed, sometimes life becomes too tough and hard for us, and that’s when this thought helps me overcome all difficulties. It is always better to be courageous and choose life over death, no matter how bad your living seems to you now. However, there are persons that have no more courage to live. They also have no strength, no health, and, more importantly, no more wish. I mean people with final stages of incurable diseases - those who are unable to enjoy anything in life, to whom it brings only suffering and pain. These patients oftentimes would prefer to die, still they are unable even to commit a suicide. That is when major moral, social, medical, and ethical topic arouses: whether it is right for doctors to help such patients pass away?

Physician-assisted suicide is a heated topic that strikes people all over the world. It evolves numerous discussions and debates about whether incurably ill patients have the right to die with the aid of a medical doctor. In this paper, I plan to prove that Physician-assisted suicide would raise serious ethical issues if legalized. Not only to say that physicians have the sanction to submit this option, but they could also disregard other solutions. Doctors may also disregard or misconstrue patient doubt and even put patients to death who have not petitioned it. What is the past setting of assisted suicide? Should physician-assisted suicide be legalized? How does faith play a part? All of these, among others are the debatable questions surrounding physician-assisted suicide. The goal of this paper will be to understand the motives surrounding physician-assisted suicide.

Marketing Plan Essay Sample

I would like to start by saying that after the military defeat of 1895, Taiwan would be ceded to Japan. It would again become Chinese after the end of WWII when the allied forces won the war. The communist victory in the country in 1945 contributed to the massive escape of Chinese from the mainland China to Taiwan. The country would have its own constitution which was written in 1946 for all china. Over the next 50 years, Taiwan instead of China would turn into the profitable capitalist economy. The island would prosper and be labeled one of the Asian tigers.

Currently, Taiwan is a dynamic capitalist economy with gradually decreasing guidance of investment and foreign trade by government authorities. The cooperation between large government-run banks and industrial export-oriented firms allowed the country to possess a highly competitive economy. 

Exports were given the greatest consideration and therefore are currently responsible for the greatest cash inflow in the Taiwanese economy. Taiwan has a stable trade surplus, while the foreign reserves prove to be among the world’s largest. Agriculture accounts for only 3% of the total GDP, down from 50% in 1955. Taiwan currently is among the largest investors in southeastern Asia, while China is currently the largest export market for Taiwan. The USA ranks second largest market for Taiwanese products (Jain, 70).

Modernity, Science and Art Essay

A rather common perception of science is the comparison between the process of creating a scientific work and working on an object of art. This analogy can be easily comprehended, as a valuable scientific work requires imagination, reoccurring observations and a synthesis between the scientist’s own ideas and the findings. Needless to say that science, regardless of the discipline practiced, is a highly innovative field, where novelty is one of the main markers of value and quality.

The question, however, is whether or not this analogy can also indicate that art (in the sense of creation, excluding art studies) is a science. Svetlana Alpers’ attitude towards the issue is rather ambiguous. In her 1998 essay The Studio, the Laboratory, and the Vexations of Art, which constitutes the critical framework this paper tries to address, the author finds some evidence that support the analogy, but suggests extreme cautious as of the derived comparison between the studio and the laboratory.

Personal Philosophy of Nursing Paper

Introduction

(Who you are and where you practice nursing)

Definition of Nursing

If a Martian were asked to pick the most appropriate definition of nursing, it would certainly focus on the care and responsibility for human wellbeing. In an age of rapidly changing definitions of health and sickness, and in the face of the deconsolidation of healthcare into numerous professions and schools, the role of “the largest single group of staff working in the health service” (Marcovitch, 2005, p. 502) is more holistic than ever before. Hence, in order to properly consider the diversity of nursing activities and the basic needs this field intends to address, we should define nursing as the body of knowledge, practice and research on the promotion of wellbeing and prevention of one’s dissatisfaction regarding one’s physical and emotional conditions, while applying to knowledge, needs and abilities of the applicable healthcare environment.

Assumptions or Underlying Beliefs

For more than 60 years, the World Health Organization has advocated the notion that “Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity” (2003). Conventional and widely accepted as it is, this basic assumption is arguably not adequately practiced in modern healthcare. That is, following the definition of nursing suggested above and the definition of the WHO, clinical parameters are not sufficient to identify the extent of well-being and the proper nursing intervention required for providing the individual with the best possible care.

Realism in Literature Essay

Introduction

Realism can be broadly defined as the truthful depiction of reality and is a literary technique practiced by many writers in different historical periods. As William Dean Howells put it, “Realism is nothing more and nothing less than the truthful treatment of material.” More narrowly defined, literary realism is a movement in art, which started in the nineteenth century in France, from where it has spread to many other countries and lasted until the beginning of the twentieth century. Realist authors described their contemporary life as it was, portraying everyday activities and experiences without embellishment or interpretation. Before the nineteenth century, major literary characters were royalty, dukes, knights, ghosts, monsters and other supernatural creatures. In the middle of the nineteenth century attention shifted to common people – farmers, merchants, lawyers and peasants. George Eliot, William Dean Howells, Honoré de Balzac, Fyodor Dostoyevsky, Leo Tolstoy, Gustave Flaubert, Ivan Turgenev, Guy de Maupassant, Anton Chekhov, Bolesław Prus and Émile Zola are all representatives of the realism movement in literature.

Realistic Literature

Artists and literary realists were heavily influenced by political and social changes that were taking place in Europe and in the United States, in particular by the development of science, the growth of commerce and the spread of democracy. Representatives of middle and lower class were becoming increasingly important in the life of the countries and in literature as well. Society was placing more value on an individual and, as a response to this, in literature characters were becoming more important than plot. Writers started using dialects and local vernaculars to make their stories even more realistic. The realists wanted to bring literature closer to science and assumed they can obtain truth by the simple observation and recording of reality.

Research Paper: Privacy and Confidentiality in School Counseling

Confidentiality is one of the top priorities for school counselors. In the article “Privacy and Confidentiality in School Counseling,” Harriet L. Glosoff and Robert H. Pate raise the question of how to maintain a students’ trust, but still do what is possible to keep students safe and parents informed? Maintaining confidentiality when a minor is your client, however, is much more difficult than when counseling adults. Counselors at school must keep in mind their ethical and legal responsibilities to their clients, parents, and the school systems. In certain cases, school districts or administrators have policies that require counselors to obtain parents’ permission before beginning counseling students. A parent has the option to not allow a minor student to use a school counselor, or specifically forbid the counselor to accept the minor as a client. In any case, as long as the parent hasn’t stated that to the counselor or the school, counseling is then considered to be a regular service. Legally the counselor can see a minor student without parental consent if this has not occurred.

With all the parameters that are associated with counseling a minor, it is very difficult to maintain trust and have an open dialogue with a client where he or she feels free to say anything without the fear of disclosure to their parents. If a child begins to think that what he or she discloses during a counseling session will be discussed with their parents, the purpose of the counseling will be diminished. The minor will not be completely open and forthright and the objective of the session will not be met.

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We Can Write Custom Research Papers on School Counseling for You!

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As described in the article, neither the Code of Ethics and Standards of Practice nor the Ethical Standards for School Counselors describe or define the term minor. Typically, at the age of 18, an individual is no longer considered to be a minor. Therefore, school counselors encounter 18 as the age when their clients are legally considered to be mature and have full control of their privacy rights (Glosoff, & Pate, Jr., 2002). So, who is the true client for the counselors- is it the minor or the parents? Even with all the legal issues surrounding this topic, from an ethical point of view, the counselor’s client is the student, and it is critical for their needs to be addressed without any repercussions. The parents’ needs definitely should be considered, but the needs of the students and their well being should come above all others. There are certain exceptions where, ethically, school counselors are required to disclose information if their clients engage in certain behaviors that present clear and imminent danger to themselves and other people. From a legal standpoint, they're required to report known or suspected child abuse or neglect, and they're also obligated to respond to subpoenas and participate in other legal proceedings dictated by the courts (Lazovsky, 2008).

The article also suggests a few measures that school counselors could use in order to safeguard the privacy of their student clients. In my opinion, one of the most important steps is to make sure that all the stakeholders, the parents, the teachers and the counselees are well aware in advance of the confidentiality issues in school counseling. In addition, a school environment can be very hard for a student to properly cope with. There are many cases of bullying and harassment reported in the school environment. Another idea that could be very useful for school counselors in order to protect their client’s privacy is to make sure that the identity of the counselee is also protected. This can be done by a proper setup of the counselor’s office, for example, when the exit door does not coincide with the entrance door. Consequently, the students can feel more comfortable to ask for counseling. They will feel assured that they won’t be seen while seeking help to improve their mental health. This can be very soothing and encouraging. Making school counseling more approachable can increase the success of the counseling activity. Trust is a key element, especially when it comes to counseling minors. Many times it is not the method employed by the counselor. It is the trust at the foundation of the counselor client relationship that leads to the so called beneficence when it comes to helping the client and society.

I felt that the ethical implications of counseling are of the utmost importance while reading the article. Balancing numerous facets within school counseling does really seem like a challenge counselors must engage throughout their activities, almost on a daily basis. Being very well informed about the legal aspects that are involved becomes essential in order to ensure proper decision making in the case that confidential data must be disclosed. I also find it very important that counselors are well aware and adhere to the standard of minimal disclosure by sharing only what is essential and relevant to the case.

Another very important aspect of ethics within school counseling is continuously taking into account that the counselor must not, under any circumstances, impose goals or values on their counselees. This should especially be underlined when it comes to counseling minors, since childhood and adolescence are the ages at which one is most easily influenced. These are also the times when one has to tackle confusion, acceptance and decision making regarding the future. Therefore, the counselor should represent a stable, consistent source of objective support throughout the changes the counselees are going through. Most importantly, the counselor should avoid being judgmental at all times. Attention should be paid to not discriminate children through offering the same type of assistance, regardless the child`s background, religion or provenience.

Estimating when a child becomes mature enough to understand the concept of secrets is also a challenge counselors might have to face during their practice. That is why it becomes very important that the counselor manages to create a trusting and therapeutic climate in which people can autonomously search for solutions. Autonomy refers to the ability of the clients to make their own choices and choose their own directions within the counseling sessions. This could also represent a great challenge for the counselor when it comes to working with children. They must be vigilant at all times and ready to discuss the progress of the student during the counseling sessions. All the relevant stakeholders within this very special counseling relationship should be involved.

The ideal way to prevent problems from appearing is to provide the student, the parents and the relevant school personnel with appropriate information about confidentiality even before the school year begins. Also, the information should be kept visible and available at all times. Information about the benefits of counseling for students should be also made available through means such as presentations during class, flyers and posters.

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Warning!!! All free online research papers, research paper samples and example term papers on School Counseling topics are plagiarized and cannot be fully used in your high school, college or university education.


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Reference Page
Glosoff, H. L. & Pate, Jr., R. H. (2002). Privacy and Confidentiality in School Counseling. Professional School Counseling, 6. Retrieved from http://www.schoolcounselor.org/files/6-1-20%20Glosoff.pdfLazovsky, R. (2008). Maintaining Confidentiality with Minors: Dilemmas of School Counselors. Professional School Counseling, Retrieved from http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0KOC/is_5_11/ai_n27889692

Essay on Friendship between Adolescents

Is a friend in need a friend indeed? We are encouraged to become socially active from the age of three when our parents decide to send us to kindergarten or day care. From that moment on, a child throughout his or her development, both physiological and psychological can consume a significant number of friends, who actually play an active role in shaping the future of the adult`s personality. 

Traits such as the willingness to share, help, initiate any type of action, learn how to win, lose, communicate and lead are acquired during a person’s childhood.

According to Merriam-Webster’s Learner’s Dictionary friendship is defined as „a friendly feeling or attitude: kindness or help given to someone”. („Merriam-Webster Dictionary“) „Friendship is a relationship in which the people are convinced that they are entering into contact with somebody original, unique and irreplaceable”. (Niebrzydowski) We can also identify different types of friendships. Someone can be a best friend, a good friend or a close friend. („Teens Health” 2)

Air Pollution Essay

It is off no doubt that air pollution is one of the most acute issues in our days. The precious air that we inhale every day of our life gives us a chance to survive in this fast changing world. But do we understand the value of this gift given us by nature? Multiple facts of air pollution in different countries all around the world indicate that we don’t. There are many causes of air pollution and, unfortunately, most of them are the result of human activities. Let’s focus on some of the most serious causes of air pollution and how it influences on the ecological state of our planet.

One of the main pollutants is carbon dioxide. All the living beings exhale some amount of this gas, but when emitted from other sources, such as industrial projects, it becomes harmful due to excessive emission of it. Carbon dioxide generates from burning of fossil fuels such as gasoline and natural gas. In the past 150 years cars, planes, power plants and other human activities have pumped enough carbon dioxide into the atmosphere to raise its levels higher than they have been for hundreds of thousands of years.

Research Essay on Crystal Meth

I would like to start by saying that methamphetamine (meth) is a synthetic stimulant drug used for medical and illicit purposes. Meth is very addictive and induces strong feelings of euphoria. Typically illegally methamphetamine is sold as a colorless crystalline solid called crystal meth, glass, ice, tik. 

When sold in rock formations methamphetamine is called dope, raw or tweak. When sold in pure crystalline powder one calls it crank, or speed (Johnson, 2004).

One needs to remember that crystal meth is a powerful central nervous system stimulant drug that would drastically affect the human brain by affecting the nervous mechanisms responsible for the regulating certain classes of neurotransmitters that go by the name of biogenic amines and monoamine neurotransmitters. The danger of crystal meth’s impact on the neurotransmitters is that they are responsible for the heart rate, body temperature, blood pressure and other things such as appetite, attention, mood and responses associated with human alertness and alarm conditions. While it is not well-understood how crystal meth affects these neurotransmitters one believes that it could easily reverse the monoamine transporter’s direction of flow. The release of the monoamines from the vesicles to the cytoplasm and from the cytoplasm to the synapse contributes to the so called prolonged synaptic cleft. As one might assume the neurotransmitter itself would start producing less impulses which in turn would contribute to the tolerance and withdrawal effects (Holley, 2003).

Explication Essay on Henry VI

I would like to start by saying that in literary criticism explication represents close read-on of a text and a sustained interpretation of some brief passage, which in my case would be represented by the Henry VI, Part III, Act III, Scene II and line 124. This method of explication will allow me to place great emphasis on particular rather than on the general, paying close attention to individual words, syntax used by Shakespeare and the order in which the sentences and ideas unfold in this very verse as they are read by me.

I will add that this method of explication is the modern fundamental technique of modern literary criticism that dates back to the mid-XX century. A truly attentive reading of the chosen part from Henry VI provides an area with superb possibilities for observation and insight.

As in any work by William Shakespeare, here we find a wonderfully used allegories, play of words, that was used by ingenious writer. This spectacular piece of work causes the reader of the play to feel the unlimited borders of his imagination. It is not a coincidence that Shakespeare has become a worldwide accepted and respected classic British writer. I would suggest that he should be considered, probably, the greatest poet of all times, known by a contemporary reader. I am not aware of any other person, who is as far apart from nowadays in history, and at the same time as wide-read and appreciated by experts and common readers all over the world.

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In this play, as in Shakespeare’s other works, we once again find the reflection of a very common issue, which worried the humanity centuries ago. As the time goes by, the value of certain things does not change. Issues like love, death, power, envy, glory, greed, and so on have been worried the human kind for ages.

When analyzing the Scene II of the Act III Part II of Henry VI I would like to note that it takes us to place where lustful Edward get described in the poem. On one hand he is written to be a true gentlemen to ‘use women honorably’ yet still no gentlemen would indeed use women yet rather treat them with honor, thus hinting us that Edward was a manipulator and a promiscuous person who would engage in bodily entertainment regardless of his condition ‘wasted, marrow, bones and all’.

The story proceeds by telling us about the fact that from his loins there was no hopeful branch, which might spring implying that Henry VI might be either sterile or as one later finds out already buried (dead).

Shakespeare proceeds with the poetic description of the place where Edward was buried so that he took the place that the author said he could place himself and have a cold premeditation for his purpose. The subsequent several verses speak about the freed royal place left after the death of Henry VI and attracting many including the author who is flattered with the impossibilities of getting into such a high position and occupying such a post.

Subsequently the explication goes that if there is other kingdom is there for Richard then one should look for other pleasures that the world can afford. The first please is the ‘heaven on a lady’s lap’, i.e. sexual pleasure one would try to get after witching them with sweet words and looks. Yet, as the author discusses, such idea of having some fun with ladies while being dressed in fancy gay ornaments seems unlikely to the author than possessing “twenty golden crowns”. The reason for such thought is the curse of love in his mother’s womb which would deform the person’s body and make it like a wither’d shrub (arm) as well as place a mountain on his backs, a superb deformity to mock the body and scare off females he was thinking about. One subsequently finds out about the disproportion in every part of the body which in turn makes the person look like a chaos or an unlick’d bear-whelp.

The person philosophizes on the issues of love and considers himself a true monster which harbors such monstrous heinous thoughts in his mind. The main character than starts to think that if the world does not have any bodily joy for him with females due to his monstrous deformity, he then probably has the right to think about the crown and the ways how to get it and place it on his head. The personage decided to proceed with the crown despite the difficulties that he has between the crown and himself. He considers the idea rather impossible and absurd yet that looks more possible for him than to get some females for entertainment. He considers himself to be lost in the woods that has on thorns, thus making the way even more difficult, to find some open air and the desired joy in the world.

The person decided to catch the English crown and free himself from the current well being with any means possible, including killing other people as referenced in the “bloody axe” argument. The main personage believes that he will definitely have to hew his way through and smile while murdering. He prophesizes to say something that he would probably not say if he pursued some other goal, such as ‘content!’ at the time he was grieved or dissuaded. Whenever needed, one would have to wet his cheeks with artificial tears and get ready for playing absolutely any role that one might be required to play in order to get to his purpose of capturing the British crown.

Finally, the apogee is reached as the person starts to fully realize him in the new role and what he will have to do to get the crown. Thus he prepares himself to drown more sailors than mermaids do, slay more gazers than the basilisk, remain a much better speaker than Nestor, and think more slyly than Ulysses (Odyssey) did. He stated that he had the needed perseverance to take another Troy, add more colors to the chameleon, and even change shapes with Protheus for his advantage. The truly amusing statement was that he would send Machiavelli to school. He ends up stating that in these cases regardless of the situation the crown would be obtained by him.

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Statement of Purpose Essay Sample

I firmly believe that Master of Science in Computer Information Systems program will help me meet my academic and professional goals. My background in computer information systems is extensive enough to help me further develop my personal and professional qualities by means of joining this program. This program encompasses a magnitude of areas that are of great interest to me; that is the best incentive ever to study hard in order to achieve my goal.

I am currently working with an advertising company as a Web Developer, and I am doing a lot of things closely related to the different areas outlined by the program at issue. I believe that by utilizing this educational opportunity I will not only develop both professionally and personally, but also contribute to the program itself by bringing in my experience and enthusiasm.

Essay on Men and Masculinity

The main point of this essay is to analyze the article “Portraits of Fathers” written by Diane Dubeau, who is Ph.D. at the University of Quebec. For many years fathers and masculinity has been a primary subject of study of Diane Dubeau. However, the main subject of Doctor Dubeau’s researches is not only men, masculinity and fathers, but also the role of fathers, comparison of maternal and paternal roles, effect of fathers on the development of their children and family as a whole.

So, in her article “Portraits of Fathers” Diane Dubeau speaks about fathers’ and mothers’ roles, compares modern fathers with fathers those of previous historical periods, fathers’ influences on the whole family, and consequences for each member of it (father, child, wife, siblings).

According to the article by Diane Dubeau fathers are now being discussed a lot in comparison with previous years, “because of these numerous studies, that we are now in a position to come up with a critical analysis of the literature on fathers, and assess what’s known or less known about the topic” (Dubeau 1). It’s obvious that being a father is one of characteristic features of men performing their masculinity. According to www.edictionary.com masculinity is a characteristic virtue of the male sex of behaving in ways considered typical for men.

Analyzing the article it’s possible to emphasize four major themes of it:

Essay: The Ways to Maintain a Healthy Lifestyle

There has hardly ever lived a man on Earth, who would need to be persuaded that a healthy lifestyle is something good. Good health means a long life, wide possibilities, and sex appeal, after all. 

However, still too many people do not bother to live healthy, indulging their caprices, weaknesses, and simple sloth.

One reason this is happening is probably that a healthy lifestyle implies long-term investments. If the benefits of living a healthy life were obvious right away there would be no need in any persuasion. 

However, when we are young our life seems to be endless and senility with the infirmities of age are something concerning anyone but us. The older we get, the more often we think about our health, however it is not easy starting to do something you have never done before when you are old.

But maybe it is not that difficult to maintain a healthy lifestyle?