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Barbara Kruger Research Paper

2012-02-14T06:43:00.000-08:00

Barbara Kruger Research Paper

Barbara Kruger is one of the most influential artists of the last three decades. She uses pictures and words through a wide variety of media and web sites to raise the issues of power. Her works include photographic prints on billboards, magazines, metal plates, sculpture, videos, book covers, shopping bags, postcards, newspapers and T-Shirts. She uses art to express her views on issues that affect society. The issues can range from political issues, environmental issues, sexism and any other issues.__________________________________________________________

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Kruger has a very unique style of art that is recognize worldwide. One thing I realized after viewing several pieces of her art was that she uses the same three colors for her art work, (red, black and white). The three colors suck you into her art. One thing that I question is why she uses those three colors. Why not blue, pink and orange. I also wonder why she only uses only three colors and not four or five. While viewing her art in class, it occurred to me that she purposely wants her paintings to be in black and white in order for the viewer to paint her art in their own vision. For example, most faces in her art work are black and white. Since the faces are black and white, Kruger lets the individual use their imagination to color the faces.

Because everyone is so different, the faces will have different shades of color from one individuals point of view to another. Some individuals will have the face lighter or darker in skin color than others. When you see a black and white picture it has no color to it. Kruger gives the individual the opportunity to color the picture. Barbara Kruger uses a lot of images or pictures from the 1950's magazines. Her political art sends powerful messages. Each individuals has a different idea or belief of what message Kruger is sending. For example in class while viewing Kruger's art, each student in class had different views about her art. Who was right and who was wrong? I don't believe that every students view is wrong. After all a picture is worth a thousand words.

Kruger has made a profession out of disapproving oppressors, from anti-abortion agitators to wife-beaters, racists, and the editors magazines. A typical Kruger piece is a long room from the floor to ceiling. One thing that I like about Kruger is that she creates work that needs to be experienced outside an art gallery. Her art is also displayed at huge billboards.

What Barbara Kruger does with her art is to challenge the viewer's concept of reality. John Berger also believes that art challenges the viewer's concept of reality.

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Mildred Pierce Essay

2012-02-14T02:23:00.000-08:00

Mildred Pierce Essay

When does the music move and match the motion of objects in the film?During the opening credits the music is very bitter sweet and gives the audience mixed emotions about the rest of the movie. The powerful orchestra becomes loud and soft with crescendos and decrescendos as the waves of the ocean wash up and then retreat from the shore is a rolling motion. Another example of this is when the police officers are running down the hill of sand and chasing Wally, the music is in sync with their footsteps as they stumble down the hill.
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When does the music try to capture the overall emotions and mood?The music becomes dramatic when something bad is about to happen. It builds up so the audience becomes tense until the climax. The music was always very mournful and sad; it brought out emotions when Kay was dying of pneumonia. It is supposed to make the audience sympathize with Mildred who loses her daughter. The music is also emotional when Mildred and Veta are re-united after Mildred marries Mr. Pierce. This is done by having a powerful orchestral score to bring out and enhance the emotions that actors are portraying on the scene.

Was the music conspicuous or did it break through?For the majority of the movie the music stayed inconspicuous. Unless the audience was listening for the soul purpose of hearing the musical score it would remained un-noticed because the audience has not been trained to listen for a musical break- through. However, there were certain dramatic scenes in the movie where the music was noticeably loud and stood out. After Veta slaps her mother there is loud noticeably music. In other scenes such as the bar or restaurant scenes there is parlor or saloon music that is noticeable to the audience.

If the music does demand your focus does it still maintain a subordinate function in the film as a whole? How?When the musical score in this film did demand attention, it did not draw the attention away form the characters or the dialogue. Instead it supports and adds to the action on the screen. The only scene where the noise was distracting was the scene in the jail where no one was allowed to talk and there were little abstract sounds like, the clock ticking, the newspaper ruffling, chairs being pushed in and out, coughing and footsteps. However, all these sounds helped to build the atmosphere of the room, the tension and frustration of Mildred as she is sitting in the station. Music and sounds also helped set the pace and rhythms of the film as the story unfolded. The music even though noticeable in some scene served to stimulates the audience emotional responses and reinforces the effects happening on the screen.

What if the musical score was removed from the film?If the musical score was removed from the film, the film would defiantly not have the same dramatic impact. The music in this film is used to fill dramatic pauses in dialogue and it is also used to effectively transition between scenes. There is military drum roll type music when there is a scene with the police. There is lonely mournful music that is often played when Mildred is talking and thinking about the past, setting the overall tone of the movie. The score put the audience in the specific time and action. It makes the audience feel sad, or angry and warns them when something terrible is about to happen. It enables the audience to further express and understand the feelings and attitudes of the characters and their actions.

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Social Movement Research Paper

2012-02-10T02:47:00.000-08:00

Research Paper on Social Movement (Cyclic Theory)

Every Society has been going through consecutive cycles of development in different fields. Every following cycle is determined by the previous one and is considered to be an irreversible process of changes which gradually bring us to present. Thus the whole historical progress depends on the social ability to realize, define, and control the course. Moreover it is very important to know various factors affecting social processes and regulate the impact on them.

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Each cycle, which may be identified with special features in political, economical and social situation within certain period, presumably consists of 4 stages such as:

1. Innovative Stage (Rise of the new ideas, conceptions, hope)

2. Calamity Stage (Crush of the system, depression. Revolution, period of rebirth)

3. Exploitive Stage (Ideologies, present orientation, social changes provided by the organized movements, restructure)

4. Reactive Stage (Past Orientation)

I would like to analyze three historical cycles of the United States of America through the mentioned stages.

I. 1929-1960. Although after the First World War United States, inspired by the victory obtained the political hegemony in the world. There were social and economical exhaustion, caused concentration on the internal stabilization and improvement, what resulted global isolation of the country.

Therefore a new orientation called Prosperity or the Gold Standard took place. Quick unbelievable success of the “Prosperity” was obvious. And No less unbelievable was the big economical crush of 1929, known as Big Depression, which deeply shocked the nation. It was a complete disaster with millions of unemployed, starving families and rapidly increasing crime. Completely incapable to deal with the situation, Republicans lost their positions on the next elections. The “New Deal” of President Roosevelt – campaign for the economical recovery I think might be considered as the first Innovative Stage, when society in the crisis conditions is looking for the ways of escape building up an absolutely different ideology basics. Still Roosevelt had no concrete prescription and just gathered experienced and influential representatives of the economical, social and political fields and made a brainstorming, which occurred to be the setting up of a new well-coordinated of all these fields development course. The first steps of the new government (Establishing the Agricultural Adjustment Administration, 1933 - increasing farm income by controlling production, The National Recovery Administration - restoring employment and regenerating industry, etc.) definitely determined economical recovery process, which turned out to be a stable progress in future.

The second Stage of Calamity came to the USA with Second World War,(exactly 1942-1944 – Pearl Harbour assault), at the same time I think the reason of being not prepared for the obvious war was in the internal split in the congress. Roosevelt’s request for the Judiciary reorganization in 1937 was not approved and resulted republican’s victory on the Congress elections in 1938. In addition, maintaining its policy of neutrality, refusal to alliance against raising impact of Germany and Japanese power brought USA to the deeper isolation and made it weaker. However, in spite of the rapid involvement in the war the USA managed to start Exploitive Stage “in charge” of the world, because when the smoke cleared from the battlefield only two great powers remained in the world; The USA and the Soviet Union.

After Roosevelt’s death Truman succeeded in USA. A set of complicated rearrangement global political changes took place. A basement for the cold war was preparing, therefore USA was more worried about global political issues than about taking care of its domestic affairs. He financed an after-war Europe in order to create counterbalance and support against Union Soviet Still Truman managed to launch a new Fair Deal, defined by the stable improvement of the economical life. In this Deal he extended the policies of his predecessor, and paid more attention to the social programs. This period is considered to be a beginning of American realizing themselves as one of the greatest nations claiming to the world supremacy. Fourth stage I thing is applying for the Eisenhower’s presidential term, his orientation about foreign policy and very little “domestic” activity resulted national unsatisfactory about social issues and created the ground for the new changes.

II. 1960-1992. John Kennedy started his term with new ideology claiming- “Do not ask, what your country can do for you, ask yourself what you can do for your country“, which became a symbol of the new era (Innovative Stage). It was a time of the teenage and young adults cultural revolution. After the conservative fifties this new movement eventually resulted in the revolutionary way of thinking, student rebellion, and deep changes in a social structure, lifestyle, values, laws etc were rather difficult for the population to adjust to. Difficult situation was in foreign politics (Vietnam War) as well (Calamity Stage). That is why the program of defending traditional values, and the examination of the changes was highly approved. At this time the cold war was about its end and Nixon’s doctrine contributed to that much (Exploitive Stage – restructure). I think that this cycle has the fourth stage to be longer than in the previous one. The consequences of the sixties tendency brought USA to the drugs and AIDS, in addition traditional society (with its structure, values, principles) started transforming into the way we see it today.

III.1992 - up to date. Ideology basics of the nineties appeared with the new election - the victory of Bill Clinton and the final placing of the strength and impact in the world politics (crush of the Soviet Union). In the technical, cultural and social fields began an era of the internet, which meant total change in principles of communication – increasing of their modularity. The stage of crisis might be defined as the conflicts with Iraq – and the great relief after the negotiation prevented the world from the war (Third stage). One of the famous sociologists of our times adduced an idea that we are incapable to analyze and estimate nowadays processes clearly and impartially because of our presence in this epoch. That is why the last cycle, I think, is rather difficult to be applied to the four stages. Still I believe that this theory works. And besides the analysis I made, we can prove it on the history of different societies in different periods.

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Essay on Industrialization

2012-02-09T06:59:00.000-08:00

Essay on Industrialization

Influence of Industrialization on the lives of Europeans

Industrialization originated in eighteenth-century England and was spurred by the introduction of the steam engines and modernization of the textile industry. In the nineteenth century industrialization moved on, spreading to the rest of Europe, America and Japan.

The workplace of most Europeans was significantly changed. Businesses grew bigger, and industrialization sped up the formation of «corporations, monopolies, and cartels» (Watts). Financial capital turned into an important source of power, and petroleum and electricity became vital energy sources.

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The industrialization «gave man a new conception of power in relation to his physical environment» (Kreis 2004), giving one a sense of power and control over one’s physical conditions. Man was now the master of nature to a greater degree than before, and so far the disastrous consequences of industrial activities such as pollution were not as evident.

With all the benefits of the advances in technology, the Industrial Age came at a social cost. It resulted in “social dislocation, overcrowded cities, inadequate housing, worker exploitation. child labor, new extremes of wealth and poverty, political conflict, and pollution” (Kreis 2004).

The life of the rural communities was transformed no less than the life of the cities as people flocked to urban areas to join the ranks of industrial workers. As early as in 1815 the majority of Europeans and Americans «lived in rural villages and worked the land» (Watts), but the process of movement that was to make Europe a predominantly urban area had already started.

The advent of machine production caused profound changes in the social layering of society. The shift of industrial workers had no land of their own, but were instead dependent on those who had the means of production in their hands, that is, factory owners.This modification led many to feel that they were passed over in the scientific and industrial breakthroughs, and added popularity to the Marxist doctrine that gained recognition in the second half of the nineteenth century. Marx claimed that capitalism is another step in the long chain of different social setups where the lower-class society members were bound to remain in the lower social layers. Industrialization, Marx claimed, led to a perpetuation of the poverty and discrimination based on class.

The Industrial Age has elicited criticism from many thinkers, especially those belonging to the Romantic movement who believed it led to depersonalization of people and society, and destruction of nature, while others endorsed the growing might of man.

Success of humankind’s scientific and economic achievements has led many thinkers to support the policy of "laissez-faire", meaning that the less government intervention into society’s affairs the better. This view was supported by Bentham, a utilitarian philosopher who believed that the best decision is the one that best serves the interests of many people. Thomas Paine (1737-1809) also said that «the best government is the one which governs least» (Kreis 2004).

The utilitarianist philosophy was a step forward from the old irrational moral systems. The utilitarians backed the passage of the 1832 Reform Bill that gave the middle class the franchise. They argued for the drastic reforms in the social sphere, abolition of aristocracy and even monarchy, earning themselves the title of philosophical radicals. Utilitarians held to the idea expressed by Bentham in Fragment on Government (1776) that «correspondent to discovery and improvement in the natural world, is reformation in the moral» (Kreis 2004).

The establishment of the middle-class capitalist ideas in Europe, the success of the Western civilization gave impetus to the view of other nations as intellectually and culturally inferior. The ideas of racial supremacy led to the appearance of Social Darwinism, “the pseudo-scientific application of the theory of evolution to social and political issues”, that «reinforced ethnocentrism and racial bigotry” (McNeill). To some extent these notions gave extra momentum to the First World War later on.

Thus, the palette of thought in the nineteenth century ranged from denunciation of the achievements of the industrialization that failed to bring improvement in human life to enthusiastic support for the process that radically advanced the economic development of society.

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Competition Law Essay

2012-02-09T06:55:00.000-08:00

Competition Law Essay

The Competition Act 1998 includes a lot of features been in the author’s draft Bill. Actually this brings UK competition law into line with the model of European Community (EC) that today has been adopted in some other member states. The Chapter I of the Act prohibits agreements and concerted practices, which preclude, restrict or warp competition in the United Kingdom (UK), unless they are freed under Article 85(3) or on the UK grounds equivalent to this Article. A provision in analogous terms to Article 86 of Rome treaty (called the “Chapter II prohibition”) forbids abuses of chief positions in the UK. In both, the essentials of an effect on trade within the UK are substituted in the Act for that on trade between the EC member states. In the first case there is also the requirement that the decision, agreement or practice in the UK is or is intended to be executed similarly to the standard for the EC jurisdiction described by the European Court in the case of Wood Pulp.

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A main clause provides that courts and tribunals “must act (so far as compatible with the provisions of this Part) with a view to securing that there is no inconsistency between (a) the principles applied and the decision reached by the court in determining that question; and (b) the principles laid down by the Treaty [of Rome] and the European Court, and any relevant decision of that Court, as applicable at that time in determining any corresponding question arising in Community law” in determining questions arising under this legislation as well as “must, in addition, have regard to any relevant decision or statement of the [EC] Commission”.

Major of the UK laws on competition (apart from the mergers and acquisitions control and general investigations of oligopolies) are repealed, including sections 44 and 45 of the Patents Act 1997 which regulated the supply of patented agreements and tying and automatic extension provisions in patent licenses.

In brief, the UK Competition Act of 1998 spreads prohibitions equivalent to 85 and 86 articles to situations when EC law does not apply, as there is insufficient or no effect on trade of the United Kingdom and other member states. The importance of the extension is not only in covering many situations that previously were not covered by described articles, but also in providing greater enforcement authority and proximity.

The competition authorities in the United Kingdom, applying the new prohibitions, have started investigations, connected with complaints, made out decisions and even faced appeals against those decisions. The Office of Fair Trading (OFT) has set strong fines on companies found to have breached the rules and has used its powers to launch so called ‘dawn raids’ that means unannounced inspections of the premises of those suspected in the rules infringing. At the same time, OFTEL and OFGEM (the utility regulators) have not hesitated to use their powers applying the new laws on competition to the sectors they are responsible for. In addition, regulations have been developed to govern the procedures of both the Competition Commission’s Appeal Tribunals and the OFT; secondary legislation has made exclusions from the powers of investigation, prohibition and rules for the penalties determination. Besides the OFT and the sector regulators have issued guidance to assist the Act interpretation. Moreover, cause of the Act applying by reference to the equivalent EC legislation on competition, this Second Supplement also involves the main developments in the met EC law on competition.

So, it contains:

1. New cases regarding the concept of ‘affecting trade between Member States’ and the meaning of an ‘agreement’;

2. New block exemptions on research-and-development agreements, vertical and specialization agreements;

3. Proposals for the ‘modernization’ of EC competition procedure. The proposals are likely to have a significant impact on the scope and operation of the Competition Act in the UK.

Though the Bill comprises these careful provisions for enforcement by public authorities, it does not specify what effect the prohibitions have on private rights stated in The Human Rights Act of 1998, which was incorporated by the European Convention on Human Rights into UK law. The only express provision is section 2(4), which simply says that agreements prohibited under Chapter I are freed. Provisions of previous legislative acts governed private rights are repealed.

Various questions will have to be resolved according to the EC interpretation clause and general principle.

This includes the following:

Are agreements forbidden by Chapter I invalid? Does the invalidity affect provisions not restricting competition or being exempted?
Does Chapter II also prohibit conduct?
Whether a person can claim damage in respect of the Chapter I or II breach? How much it influence if the claimant was party to the breach?
Has a person the right to claim an instruction restraining Chapter I or II breach? If so, in what situation?
Whether conduct prohibited by Chapter II or I can affect the proprietary rights enforcement? If so, in what circumstances?

Under conventional United Kingdom standards of established interpretation, the Act on Competition of 1998 might have been regarded as not conferring any private right on action for damages. The prohibitions defend the public interests and the Act provides an detailed enforcement and immunity system where agreements and conduct are notified to the OFT. If the careful arrangements protecting parties notified the OFT remain exposed to civil liabilities which could be very substantial one can say that the system seems to contradict them.

That clauses in the Act which provide for the use of the OFT’s findings facts and information in court proceedings has been suggested to indicate that the Act confers rights to claim damages. On one hand, the fact of referring to proceedings related to the agreements validity could explain the provisions. On the other hand, the interpretation part of EC specifically explains that it applies to decisions as to the liability of an agreement for harm caused by its Community law infringement. So the position under Community law is necessary to be considered.

The European Court has considered Articles 85 and 86 to make direct effect and confer rights on private parties that must be protected by national courts. It has not definitely stated about ability to claim damages for private parties. Nevertheless, in accordance with EC law general principles, the protection of these rights in national courts must be efficient and not less favorable than that accorded to similar rights under national law. The UK Act could be considered to form the second criterion circular, but at the same time there is a strong argument based on the first criterion about the rights protection that would be ineffective in case damages could not be claimed.

The House of Lords majority strongly supports the opinion that damages can be claimed infringement for articles 85 and 86, but do not make a clear decision to this effect. Therefore the majority of the Court of Appeal expressed some doubt on this view, which seemed to hold that judicial survey provided an effective remedy for breach of article 30 against the state. However, it is submitted that the damages availability for infringement of articles 85 and 86 is highly likely to be confirmed.

These decisions are regrettable from the point of a person interest in the effective competition law enforcement. To an anti-competitive agreement third parties very often have a less concern and worse information than a party to expose its incompatibility with law on competition. Moreover, the function of article 85 analysis of the Court of Appeal appears to be unduly restrictive, and it remains to be considered if it will be overturned. The main point is a question of EC law that should be directed to the European Court. To the UK Act interpretation the application of Chapter II should follow the result under Treaty’s Article 85.

In Gibbs Mew v. Gemmell The Court of Appeal said that the situation would be different under article 86 since the article imposed the duty only on the dominant party. However, an agreement making a dominant position abuse in infringement of article 86 or Chapter II is likely also to contradict article 85 or Chapter I. Also it could still be disputed that the victim cannot rely on its participation in such a kind of agreement even if damages were claimed under article 86.

In spite of Gibbs Mew v Gemmell a party may still meet a prohibited agreement to claim damages for distortion as to its validity.

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Research Paper on Middle East Conflicts

2012-02-07T03:03:00.000-08:00

Research Paper on Middle East Conflicts

Why have initiatives for peace in the Middle East been so difficult to achieve?

The problem of unrest of the Middle East remains one of the most urgent in today’s geopolitics. Middle East is a very frail region was nearly none had experienced peaceful life and life without violence. Conflicts between Arabs and Israelites, Muslims and Jews, Arab Christians and Zionists and other conflicts caused by religious and ethnic intolerance became a usual thing and had become a shameful way of life in Israel and states that border with it. Probably none could even image that UN resolution of 1948 about Israel state and its territorial borders would bring such violence, sufferings to both Arabs and Jews.

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There are lots of premises for the nature of violence and terror in the Middle East, which are caused by historical and ethnic particularities of the region. For centuries the lands of Syria, Lebanon and Palestine were dependent territories starting from the first centuries AD. After Roman Empire collapsed, they were captured first by Arabs, later ruined in the time of Crusades and then captured by Ottoman Empire. The status of Palestine was undefined nearly for 80 years since it appeared under the protectorate of British Empire. Middle East has a very important strategic location as it’s a gateway to Asia and Northern Africa; its location in the Mediterranean region makes it real close to Southern Europe, and promotes its economical and political interaction with various neighbors. It explains a high interest of super-powers in this region: of great Britain, France and czarist Russia in the nineteenth century, and North Atlantic Alliance and Soviet Union in the second half of the twentieth century. Frail peace and relatively peaceful coexistence of different ethnic diverse groups, of representatives of different confessions was once broken with establishment of Jewish state on the territory populated for centuries by Arabs, representatives of another culture and another religion. For conservative Eastern societies and eastern cultures it means a lot, as they are used to keep to traditions and customs that have been static for centuries.

The seeds of future violence were planted by unconscious and short-eyed politics promoted by the UN, who wanted to solve “Palestine question” at once and never refer to it, as it one of the most urgent especially after the end of WW2 and horror of Holocaust.

Besides historical particularities, ethnicity and religion played a key role in the development of conflict and spread of violence seeds all over the Middle East. Arabian population has predominantly common language, common culture and common values. Among them a special place is devoted to hospitality and self-dignity or pride. The last one is very common for Arabian culture as well as custom of deep offence and revenge, tied bonds between families and relatives promote the spread of revenge to the whole family and its friends, so if one becomes an enemy to someone of Arabian origin, he will remain an enemy for a long time. This people values and remembers everything good, but for sufferings and evil they have a longer memory. So to explain historical particularities and historical right of Jews on Palestine territories was impossible to Arabs as they were more than historically attached to the Holly land as well. It was the land of their fathers and ancestors as well, that why the single-valued solution of this uneasy geopolitical question caused multi-valued future problems that seem to be never solved as they live in minds and hearts of those who suffered from violence of Middle east eternal unrest. Besides it’s important to outline that there exist no premises for religious hatred and anti-Semitism origins in the history of middle east before the partition of Palestine territories. Moreover Muslims acknowledge the connection between Koran, Old Testament, Talmud and Torah, and there are similarities in moral aspects of both religious. No true followers of Islam in Palestine support the ideas of vakhabism or Islam fundamentalism, which has a purpose of a holly war against “unfaithful”. It’s very different. It takes it roots from the times of Sallah-ad-Dyne or Salladyne the Great and is spread on the territory of modern Palestine, Lebanon and Egypt- the territory of the ancient Islamic civilization. They follow the ideology of “Muslim brothers” which is based on the religious unity of all Arabian nations: Palestinians, Egyptians, Syrians, Iranians, Iraqis. Muslims are in very good terms with Christians who live in these countries, even call them “brothers” and it explains religious diversity in this part of the Muslim world: Lebanon population is 54% Christian, Syrian population is 30% Christian, Iraq and Iran have an impressive number of Christian and Jewish minorities for Muslim world as well. And there are no burning religious conflicts or issues on religious soil in none of these countries. Peaceful terms with Jews had existed always in Islamic world. For example in Morocco (Muslim country in Northern Africa, where Jews were immigrants and had no natural rights, because they were in minority only 10% of population) there were never serious religious and ethnical conflicts.

1948 was a turning point of Jewish history: Jewish nation created its state on their historical land – Israel. “The aspiration of returning to their homeland was first held by Jews exiled to Babylon some 2,500 years ago - a hope which subsequently became a reality”.

After this great event in the history of Jewish people the main task of Zionism was proclaimed to be “strengthening of Israel, repatriation of exiles of the land of Israel and care about the unity and prosperity of Jewish nation”. Only strong country could let “Jews be safe from the waves of oppression which had occurred in virtually every country in which they had lived, especially in the West”.

UN ratified Jews’ decision for self-determination and legalized their new state- the state of Israel on the territory of Palestine. The UN’s resolution about Israel got positive feedbacks from different states all over the world but I don’t think some of them were really sincere, for example Soviet Union. As Paul Starobin wrote in his article Rethinking Zionism: “The establishment of a Jewish state even won support from the Soviet Union, a Communist nation and Cold War rival” but I would note that the real plan of soviets was the established of communism in Israel and of a puppet-state in hands of “Red threat”.

For many reasons the year of 1947 was a year of great hopes and the year that gave the birth to radical Arabian anti-Semitism and to a continuing conflict between Israelites and Palestinians. Let’s have a closer look on the historical and political background that led to this conflict. The partition of the Palestinian territory on a state for Jews (Israel) and a state for Palestinian Arabs was the main task of UN’s Middle East commission. There existed different plans about partition of the territory, but the only one was realized one that set the borders of the sate of Israel (according to the UN’s resolution of 1948). According to this plan Jews had got 88 percent of Palestine, while Arabs only 12 percent rest. There were to many sides who had no personal interest in the establishment of Palestinian state both among Zionists, British administration and neighbouring Arab states. As Walid Salem writes in the article The paradox of the 1947 Partition plan:

“1)The plan, in its written version, set up a Jewish state that would be bi-national in structure, in which Palestinians would represent 46 percent of its population4 (498,000 Jews and 407,000 Palestinians).In reality, however, Plan Dalet contemplated removing Palestinians from that state.

2) While the plan talked about two states, the Zionist leadership worked (with British support) to divide Palestine between Israel and Jordan and to prevent the establishment of a Palestinian state (see later).

3) Jerusalem, according to the plan, was to be governed as an international city (Corpus Separatum), while Plan Dalet set out a strategy for occupying half of it by Zionist forces. External evidence confirms this.”

Jewish political and Zionist leaders as Ben Gurion even insisted on annexing the whole city of Jerusalem and the maximum of Palestinian territories:

“Jerusalem as the capital of the Jewish Nation ... it must be, not only a great and expanding centre of the Jewish settlement, but also the centre of all Jewish national and international institutions, the centre of the Zionist movement, the centre of Knesset Israel, which will embrace every Jew in the land of Israel, as well as those residing outside the Jewish state, the centre of world Jewry…We know there are no final settlements in history, there are no eternal boundaries, and there are no final political claims and undoubtedly many changes and revisions will yet occur in the world.”

If most of western and Jewish historians insist that the failure to create a state for Palestinians was resulted by their undemocratic form of government and lack of democratic institutions, than real historical facts witness oppositely:

“the Palestinians asked the Arab League to establish a Palestinian government on July 10, 1947, but the Arab League refused. The request was repeated in February, 1948, and was again refused.”

The reasons are obvious: Egypt and Jordan had their own territorial interests in solution of this uneasy territorial question. The strange decision of the UN can be also explained by the pressure of the USA and British empire, who supported Zionism and saw allies in Jews as well as they considered Israel to be the instrument for the realization of their strategic plans in the region. Those plans mainly included control of Arabian oil, control over Suez canal territories and bridge-head for communism resistance in developing third world countries.

So UN’s declaration made the solution of the Palestinian problem turn into a new conflict. Now it was Palestinian struggle for right to self-determination. The results of partition for the following: Israel was acknowledged to be a state, both by UN and by its neighbours, and Palestinians were left without sovereignty, without land and appeared to be refuges on their motherland:

“Crudely put, the root of each (hatred) has been the instability created by the territorial split: either an Arab wish to destroy the state of Israel or an Israeli wish to extend its boundaries into Arab populated areas. Egypt and Jordan made peace deals with Israel but the instability has persisted. Fears of a regional, or wider, conflagration over Israel have receded but only to be replaced by the view that the conflict is a spur to Islamist terrorism, or stirs up hatred towards Israel’s mainly western backers.”

The years of prolonged conflict, several years of peaceful life and the start of the conflict prove once again: the UN’s resolution about Palestine was not perfect and there remains a lot of space to work on in order to protect the main human right to live peacefully and to live in tolerance. Israel’s administration had made concessions by allowing Palestinians to create autonomy. Here Zionists also have to make concessions and allow Arabs to participate in Israel’s public life on equal rights. According to Hertzberg(2002) discrimination takes place and is a matter of concern of world community:

“How many Arab officials have we installed in our banks? Not even one. How many Arabs have we brought into our schools? Not even one. What commercial houses have we established in company with Arabs? Not even one.»

It’s a well-known fact that inequality is being observed for decades in Israel and this issue has to be solved as soon as possible in order to return the trust of Arabian minorities.

Zionists have to review its programs that proclaim the superiority of Jews and Jewish dominance in the region. Some of nationalist principles have to be changed as well. The main role of it is given to Jewish media, media of Israel’s allies: the USA and the U.K. If Palestinians would see that Jews change their attitude to them, they would act in the same way.

Modern Jewish society, which was raised in Zionist propaganda already changes it’s views and want peaceful solution for the question as well as mutual quest of alternatives for peaceful existence of two different cultures and community groups. The fact that more and more Israeli high school students choose Arabian as a foreign language, serve as a good argument and evidence for their desire to solve this uneasy question.

In giving the leading arguments to Zionism when solving the problem with Palestinians right to self-determination it’s important to remember the international legislature which gave the priority to Zionist movement in occupying the territories of modern Israel in Middle East. It’s important to remember the right of nation on being sovereign, especially on its historical territory. Zionism, even being nationalist, sometimes chauvinist movement, succeeded in achieving these very purposes of Jews. And now Jews have the full right to set their own conditions to the Palestinians. From historical point of view it looks in the following way. Zionists accepted Balfour declaration of 1917, which had one of its articles to protect the rights of Arab minorities and guarantee them decent conditions for national and cultural development. Zionists also agreed to the more moderate possessions in Palestine, when partition plan was just a project. They agreed on creation of Palestine state, as Walid Salem writes in his article. Besides as The Guardian writes today’s the attitude of Israelites towards Arabian neighbours is more tolerant:

“This inner battle is not to be disregarded. Israel is torn inside and hopefully as close to a civil war as it will ever get. It is not an easy thing to evict your fellow citizens from their homes, especially for the sake of someone who is still, for many Israelis, `the enemy’. If there is a good thing to be said about the Oslo Treaties, it is that they were the turning point in the way Israelis viewed Palestinians and Palestine. The moral and realistic inevitability of the Palestinian state is widely recognized by the Israeli public. This need to recognise the ‘other side’ and its rights, is just as crucial on the Palestinian side.”

But pan-Arabian policies of neighbouring states of Israel rejected any of these plans, which suggested compromise decision. They wanted to possess Palestinian territories and as well as people who inhabited them. This was a betray from the side of Palestinians’ “supporters” and “spiritual brothers”. Certain circles in Arabian world knew that they would use those refugees from Palestine as war units in resistance to Jewish and American expansion in the Middle East. Any conflict has specific mercantile interests of certain groups of people, who cover their real faces under the mask of struggle for freedom, rights and justice. The interests of Arab oil producers expand froim year to year, as these countries with relatively small population, economical and industrial potential had turned into a significant power is some few decades. Their will defines the oil and gas price policies round the world, in fact they have control over the engine of modern life because they have fuel, fuel which makes world infrastructure work. The process of centralisation of Arabian states into an integral superpower will definitely create a threat of war and threat to world stability if to take into consideration religious fanatism of Islamic fundamentalists and aggressive ambitions of some of Arabian countries (for example of former Iraq). The existence of the Jewish state in the centre of Arabian world has historical, political and just explanations. Israel is realization of dream about a sovereign state of Jewish people; Israel is outpost of American and European interests in the region and the guarantee of fair oil-price policies and protection of Western business interests in the region.

The people of Palestine have to understand it and force their leaders to look for dialogue with Israel. Modern realities show that progress in solution of this geopolitical problem is in the process as “A democratic and modernising wave appears to be sweeping through the Middle East, mired for so long in autocracy and social backwardness.”

Israel has a lot of arguments for its dominant position in the region, but will make new concessions as well. The only thing that has to occur is that Palestinians have to recognize the rights of Israel state, its people and political dominance. Political power, sovereignty of Israel is undisputable and it remains and will remain forever. Only the dialogue and compromises will solve these issues. Another serious problem is that “the return of three and a half million Palestinians would likely worsen rather than solve the problem of Jewish-Arab violence, for it is hard to imagine that two peoples who have been at war with each other for so long could suddenly live in peace and harmony” (Slater, Jerome Can Zionism be Reconciled with Justice for the Palestinians?) as well as “…The return of so many refugees would inevitably mean the displacement of many Jews”.

So the best on achieving solution and compromise is to leave things as they are and start from the gradual reforming process. If Arabian world community recognizes the rights of the state of Israel on it’s sovereignty and recognizes its failure to “help” Palestinians as Arabian leaders mostly had a pursuit of their private interests in the Arab-Israelite conflict, then the people of Palestine will accept Israel’s conditions for peace as well. The role of Zionism is essential in this process as it firmly stands on the positions that protect Israeli people and their state. Zionists act according to the laws, according to the principles that make them protect their nation and their freedom. No concessions from this point are permitted; the sovereignty of the state has to be protected by power, by military and by adequate “strikes back” on each attack from the side of Palestinian terrorists.

The government of Palestinian autonomy goes on dialogue with official Tel-Aviv in order to find the most optimal way to avoid a new conflict and reduce existing tension. Last events looks more optimistic both for Arabs and Palestinians who are tired from pro-longed conflict and the latest events “ When Mahmoud Abbas clasped the hand of Ariel Sharon yesterday the gesture carried with it the hope of millions that this time the years of bloodshed would be over.”

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Monopoly Research Paper

2012-02-07T02:57:00.000-08:00

Research Paper on Monopoly

Abstract

The research paper is focused on De Beers and its status of a monopoly. At the beginning of the paper the current status and situation in the company are briefly discussed. Then a historical background and the origin of the company are described. It is followed by the steps undertaken by the company to gain the status of a monopoly and which keep it as such till the present moment. Then the basic principles which help the company to dominate in the world market are analyzed.

After that the paper focuses on the main obstacles De Beers had to overcome on its way to the monopoly status and it faces nowadays. Finally, the paper is concluded by perspectives of the company and its possible future status.

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Introduction

De Beers is one of the well-known monopolies in the world that had gained its status quite a long time ago and nowadays occupies leading if not dominating positions in its niche of the market. Quite interesting is the fact that the company is thought by many, mainly non-specialists, as the company selling and producing cut diamonds all over the world. The latter is an obvious mistake that would be discussed later in this paper. But what may be really said without any doubts is the fact that the company is a monopoly which main business concerns diamonds. Whatever one may think about it the company exists well despite numerous limitations from the part of different countries, particularly the USA. Naturally, such a company cannot fail to be in the centre of attention of many specialists in the domain of economy, management, marketing, etc.

In this paper a particular attention should be given not only to the current situation within the company and its position in the international market, but its origin and development of the company would be also discussed as well as the process of its transformation into a monopoly and the obstacles the company faced on its way to the world domination in its sector of the world market. Finally, an essential part of the paper would be perspectives of De Beers, at least in the nearest future.

De Beers: What Kind of Company is it?

At the very beginning it is extremely important to dispel the myths concerning De Beers as a company because it would significantly contribute to the understanding of the current position of the country and equally trace its development. It is not a secret that there are a lot of myths about De Beers. Probably, it is the result of an unprecedented and phenomenally long period of time the company is a leader of its sector of the market. In fact, De Beers is a leader of its industry practically throughout all its history that can be hardly compared to any other company in the contemporary world.

That is why it sounds very surprisingly if one estimates that De Beers is, for instance, a retailer or manufacturer of cut diamonds. It is a silly mistake that cannot be even taken into consideration. Nowadays, the company actually is the world leader in the mining and buying rough diamonds, some experts name its share as a buyer of rough diamonds about 70-90 per cent. As a result the company occupies a dominating position in this market and consequently may dictate its conditions to its few competitive companies and its customers. The company also may regulate and fix prices on its products, i.e. rough diamonds, and be a so-called arbiter of their prices.

Naturally, a company that has interests in many countries, where any business dealing with diamonds exists, cannot be limited within geographical borders of one country only. So, De Beers is an international company operating practically all over the world with certain exceptions. As for its main activities, it basically buy rough diamonds from diamond mines owners and resell them to cutters.

What doest then indicate that De Beers is a monopoly? Actually, these are traditional factors, namely they are the size of sells (as it has been already mentioned De Beers sells about 90 per cent of world rough diamonds production), the company also sells commodity with no other substitutes, finally it restricts output and its responds to changes in the market demands. As a result, De Beers is considered to be one of the most successful monopolies of the 20th century since it manages to regulate prices of its products which are constantly rising. There are only few companies De Beers may be compared to, for instance Microsoft or Rockefeller’s Standard Oil, but the latter two companies are relatively young in comparison to De Beers.

Nowadays, the company works in many countries but there are particularly important regions like where the company has its mines and consequently strong interests. Republic of South Africa, Sub-Saharan countries, Siberia, Australia, Canada may be referred as vitally important regions for De Beers and they are regions where the company either works or has its own interests in.

Naturally, company possessing such potential and power should be defined as a monopoly.

The Origin of De Beers

The next question that naturally arises is the question of origin of De Beers and what is the source of its power, or in other words how the company managed to achieve such results and gain the dominating positions in the world market.

The history of De Beers starts with the end of the 19th century, namely the date of foundation of the company is considered to be the year of 1888. Taking into account that the company could not exist in isolation and depended on the circumstances and historical realities existing at that epoch it is necessary to dwell upon some facts which if not defined then significantly influenced the further development of De Beers as a monopoly.

So, at that period of time, particularly at the beginning of the 19th century, diamonds were quite rare and consequently the demand on this product was extremely high. There was only small quantity of diamonds discovered in India and Brazil. Moreover, no diamond mines were discovered yet. It seems to be quite contrasting to the current situation when diamonds are mined practically on every continent but the success of De Beers is that it manages to sustain the uniqueness of diamonds even though in reality it is not an absolutely truthful information. It is also noteworthy that first diamond mines appeared in 1869 in the colonies of Southern Africa where De Beers started and continues to operate and actively exploit local rough diamond resources. The creation of first diamond mines resulted in drastically increased number of diamonds available in the market. As soon as first mines appeared the first mine owners appeared as well, mainly these were diamond hunters who were either successful or rich enough so that they could buy and own mines.

At this period of time, i.e. in 1870-s first attempts to create a kind of organization or a company were made by mine owners. Particularly important seems to be the fact that Cecil Rhodes bought the rights to two mines on the farm of Nicolas and Diedrick De Beer in the Cape Colony, which is now South Africa, that was probably the first roots of the future De Beers’ monopoly. It is not surprisingly that mine owners and diamond hunters soon realized that the diamond prices and consequently their own prosperity depended on scarcity of diamonds as it contributed to the growth of demand on the product.

Naturally, soon they came to the realization that they had no other real alternative to prosperity than to merge their interests into a single entity, in other words they realized that being united in one company they would be stronger than working individually. It was obvious that the merger, or the creation of a united company would permit to control the mines’ production and keep the illusion of scarcity of the product, which already had been not so rare as it used to be at the beginning of the century.

As a result of such a merger, De Beers Consolidated Mines Limited appeared. It was established on 12th March 1888 with Rhodes as its founding chairman. So, this date marked the birthday of the future world monopoly.

First Steps of De Beers on its Way to the World Monopoly

At the beginning of its existing this South African company was granted an official listing in Johannesburg Stock Exchange in August 1893 that meant the intention of the company to attract additional investments from different financial sources and not only mining and selling of rough diamonds itself. Work of the company seems to be impressive if not shocking because in less than two years, i.e. till 1890, the company had already controlled 95 per cent of the world’s diamond production. The company achieved such a result due not at the last turn to its wise strategy and acquisition of any mine that was discovered in the region. In this context, the following step of the chairman of the company, as it has been said it was Rhodes, was the decision for a single channel of diamond distribution in February 1890.

After such a decision, a group of ten Jewish merchants that called London Diamond Syndicate was created and they agreed to be purchasing the entire production from all the De Beers mines and then resell them to cutters and wholesalers in Antwerp.

However, it turned to be crucial for the initial owners of De Beers because one of these merchants, whose name was Ernest Oppenheimer, started to buy his own mines under the brand of Consolidated Diamond Mines and soon he became a strong competitive to De Beers. Furthermore, he did not only start to compete with De Beers but he finally took over the company and became probably the most prominent figure in the history of De Beers and one of it’s the most famous chairman who created the basis for the future prosperity of the company and its dominant position in the whole world. He became a chairman in 1929 and, by the way, his family, i.e. the family of Oppenheimer still controls the whole company and the idea of the founder of the Oppenheimers clan that “the only way to increase the value of diamonds is to make them scarce, that is to reduce production” (Stein 2001:235) became the cornerstone idea of De Beers strategy and ideology for decades and it actually remains up-to-date even now, probably even more than ever before.

On analyzing this slogan and the corresponding actions from the part of De Beers, it is possible to conclude that the company acts as any monopoly should act I order to gain the world domination. So, the company artificially restricts output and it responds correspondingly to the changes in the market demand. De Beers also continues its old strategy to buy all new diamond discoveries. As a result, the new supply does not enter the market and consequently creates all the possibilities for De Beers to control the market, output, prices, etc. providing its monopoly in the world market.

Rules of the Game

On occupying the dominant position in the market De Beers could not exist as a monopoly if it did not follow certain rules of game that the company actually created itself.

Traditionally, the company dictated its rules of games to others. For instance, the company sold boxes of diamonds to its clients and fixed the price for them and the buyer actually did not even have a chance to choose whether to buy or not, or what price to pay. De Beers could simply refuse to sell diamonds to such ‘fussy’ clients due to its position as a monopoly it could do it without any negative consequences.

A traditional scheme of selling rough diamonds may be described as follows. Firstly, De Beers sends invitations to 250 chosen clients (diamond cutting factories in different countries and regions, including New York, Tel Aviv, Antwerp, etc.) to attend ten annual so-called ‘sights’. By the ‘sights’ are meant gathering in London to transfer a pre-selected number of diamonds from De Beers stockpile to the clients. Such gatherings are actually the best possibility to deal with De Beers but the peculiarity caused by the monopolistic position of De Beers is that the company chooses its clients and fixes prices and quantities of rough diamonds it is going to sell. Finally, the client simply receives a small box, which contains uncut diamonds and a paper with the price of the box, which traditionally varies from 1 to 25 million dollars.

However, it is not the only thing that helps De Beers to control the market and be a monopoly. There is also a set of rules that the company and its partners have to follow, willingly or not. Firstly, it is De Beers that decides who gets which diamond. Secondly, there cannot be any haggling over price. It means that, as it has already been mentioned, De Beers fixes the prices, which are usually 25 per cent less than the wholesale prices for uncut diamonds, and the client does not really have any choice. Furthermore, it is forbidden to the clients to resell uncut diamonds that naturally support De Beers’ position as the only seller of rough diamonds because in the case of reselling uncut diamonds some company might buy a huge amount of such diamonds and consequently compete with De Beers as it happened in 1977 when Israeli dealers bought unopened uncut diamonds boxes and got a stockpile similar to De Beers one. The problem was solved only due to the ability of De Beers to force diamonds out of Israeli by managing Israeli banks. Another important rule is that clients have to provide information to assess the diamond market. It is done though the filling by the client of a questionnaire in which he indicates the number of uncut diamonds in inventory, diamonds in process to cut and future sales. De Beers from its part audits their cutting factories in surprised visits. Finally, De Beers stands on the ground that diamonds should not be sold in ‘weak hands’. It is done to keep the price high.

In order to summarize al the rules and regulations from the part of De Beers that permits the company to remain to be a monopoly, it has to be singled out that it is De Beers that decides how much diamonds and of which quality will be distributed in total, how this supply will be divided among clients, and finally it defines the price of diamonds.

Obstacles on the De Beers’ Way

At first glance on the facts discussed above one may think that De Beers has and never had any problems but reality is quite different in fact. It has already been said what the problem De Beers had in 1977 with Israeli dealers but it was not the most serious one. As one of the most serious crises may be treated the period of the Great Depression when not only separate companies but the whole world economy was probably in the deepest economic crisis in the 20th century. De Beers couldn’t avoid the crisis either.

One of the most serious consequences of the Great Depression for De Beers was a dramatic decrease of the demand on diamonds. In such a situation, London Diamond Syndicate could not absorb the world’s diamond production at the high prices that resulted in huge stockpiles and the necessity of putting them in the market. Oppenheimer, realized that would obligatory fall that could lead to the lost of people’s faith in diamonds. That is why he decided to take over the Syndicate and renamed it Diamond Trading Company and started to sell diamonds to a selected group of cutters that abide De Beers’ rules. Furthermore, in order to eliminate an excessive supply all major mines in South Africa were closed and the supply was cut from 2,242,ooo carats in 1930 to 14,000 carats in 1933.

Another problem rose when new discoveries were made in Congo. To control the supply De Beers should keep controlling new supplies, particularly in Congo and the company had to sign a deal with Belgium government according to which diamonds from Congo could be sold only to De Beers. In exchange Antwerp remained the main centre for cutting diamonds. As a result, the production of diamond mines in Congo was in accordance with a quota set by De Beers. Later similar situation happened with discoveries in Australia, Siberia and Canada. In such a way De Beers managed to remain the sole buyer of their production at guaranteed high prices so as to safeguard the control of the world supply.

Another very serious test for De Beers was so-called ‘blood diamonds’ from Angola. This country suffered from 25 years civil war and diamonds along with oil were the main source of income for the country. Naturally, De Beers bought a lot of diamonds, including those, which were from the territories controlled by rebels. As a result, the company was blamed at the support and financing of rebels that threaten to the image of the company and could become a PR nightmare. Finally, the company had to close its buying offices in Angola and the Democratic Republic of Congo in order to avoid the backlash of the consumers.

Finally, the problem that still exists and is one of the main problems for De Beers nowadays it is the problem of American market. Actually, the problem is that American market is closed for De Beers because it is a monopoly, while American anti-trust regulation prevents such kind of companies work in the USA. It is particularly important that practically a half of the world’s retail diamond business industry is in the USA. That is why the only activity possible for De Beers in the USA is advertising and the company cannot operate in this country but is presented only by a marketing firm Ayer’s. The solution of the problem of American market remains one of the main for the nearest future.

Conclusion: Perspectives of De Beers

Taking into account the current situation in the world market and the current problems De Beers faces it is possible to forecast the company’s perspectives in the nearest future. It is evident that for De Beers the status of a monopoly gives a lot of advantages but nowadays the access to probably the largest market in the world is practically restricted and it cannot operate freely as in other countries. In long term perspective it may threaten the status of De Beers as a monopoly. That is why the company has to undertake a number of steps to solve the problem and finally enter American market. And, as some specialists indicate, De Beers has already started this process. It goes so far that the company even consider the possibility to refuse from the status of a monopoly declaratively in order to stimulate the situation in the world market but according to pragmatic view the company simply intends to start business in the USA. Taking into consideration De Beers’ actual position it still remains a monopoly but even if the status would be changed it is hardly possible to find any equal competitive company that could really oppose to De Beers. So, in all probability the company and its status would remain unchangeable and ‘diamonds will be forever’1 as long as De Beers controls all diamond mines in the world and women regard them as their ‘best friends’.

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Online Help with Book Reports

2012-02-05T04:59:00.000-08:00

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Fundamental of Accounting Research Paper

2012-02-05T04:57:00.000-08:00

Fundamental of Accounting Research Paper

1. Explain the effect of net income or net loss on owner’s equity.

Net income and net loss have a direct effect on the owner’s equity because owner’s equity comprises contribution from net income.

At the end of the period the net income is closed and the sum is transferred to the owner’s equity. In other words, any net income (positive figure) will increase owner’s equity. At the same time any net loss (negative figure) will decrease owner’s equity. This is precisely why any company should strive to increase owner’s equity, i.e. increase the net income of a given company, plus increase the price of the corporate stock.

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2. Describe and explain accruals and deferrals.

Speaking about Accruals, I would like to note that Accruals consist of accrued expenses and accrued revenue.

a. Accrued expenses: Expenses that are incurred in the current accounting period but will not be paid until the next period. Accrued Expenses cover accrued salaries, accrued interest, rent, taxes, and utilities. All accrued expenses in a company are recorded by debiting a corporate proper expense account while at the same time crediting a corresponding liability account (Rachlin 76).

b. Accrued revenue: Revenue that is earned in the current accounting period but will not be received until the next period. Accrued Revenue comprises accrued rent income, accrued interest income, accrued utilities etc.

Speaking about Deferrals, I would like to note that Deferrals consist of deferred expenses and deferred revenue:

a. Deferred expense: Expenses that are paid in the current accounting period but will benefit future periods. Deferred expenses are also known as prepaid expenses or deferred charges. Speaking about types of deferred expenses, one should remember that they comprise prepaid insurance, prepaid rent, prepaid taxes, supplier, utilities that last for more than one period. Deferred expense can be recorded as an asset or as an expense.

b. Deferred revenue: Revenue that is received in the current accounting period but will not be fully earned until future periods. Deferred revenues cover sales of season tickets, subscriptions to newspapers, rent collected in advance. Deferred revenue also goes by the name of unearned revenue or deferred charge.

Deferred revenue can be recorded as a liability or as a revenue.

3. Identify the eight steps of the accounting cycle.

Accounting cycle is a series of routine activities that comprises the following steps:

1. Identifying an event that qualifies for a transaction.

2. Preparing a source document for a given transaction/event.

3. Analyzing and classifying a transaction. One needs to apply monetary terms, identify corresponding accounts, and whether they should be debited or credited (Tracy, 207).

4. Recording a transaction by making proper entries in a proper journal or ledger. One should use a chronological order.

5. Posting entries from journals to ledger accounts.

6. Preparing a trial balance, correcting mistakes and discrepancies.

7. Preparing adjusting entries to record accruals and deferrals. Posting adjusting entries

8. Preparing adjusting trial balance.

9. Preparing financial statements. Income statement, Balance Sheet, Statement of retained earnings, Cash flow statement.

10. Preparing closing journal entries. Posting them to the ledger.

11. Preparing reversing journal entries (should they be necessary).

4. Use the accounting equation to describe an organization’s financial position.

The accounting equation is represented by the following formula A-L=SE, where A-assets, L-liabilities, and SE-Stockholder’s equity. In other words, Stockholders’ equity equals Assets less liabilities. Corporate financial position is represented by the Statement of Financial Position or the Balance Sheet which does show exactly the same thing. It shows all corporate assets, liabilities and stockholder’s equity. By applying various ratios and other approaches one is able to precisely determine a corporate financial position compared to the other companies in the industry.

5. Identify and explain the elements of a balance sheet, income statement, and statement of cash flows. The flowing elements are present in each of the statements are depicted below:

Balance Sheet:

Assets-all assets the company possesses.

Liabilities-all liabilities the company possesses.

Stockholders’ equity-the difference between company’s assets and liabilities.

Income Statement:

Revenues-or the gross sales revenue received from selling goods.

Expenses-all expenses associated with selling good.

Net income-difference between the revenues and expenses.

Statement of Cash flows:

Operating activities-all changes to current assets and liabilities

Investing activities-changes in non-current assets.

Financing activities-changes in non-current liabilities and stockholder’s equity.

Ultimately one determines the cash at the end of the period.

6. Explain the process of depreciating and amortizing assets.

Depreciation and amortization are analogous terms with the only difference of deprecation being applied to physical goods and amortization being applied to intangible goods like goodwill. Depreciation means that a certain good wears out and gets destroyed over a period of time and thus loses its value and utility for which a company should account in order to objectively represent its assets and financial position. Typically depreciation is determined by the government regulations and various types of goods can be depreciated by using different methods and over different periods of time. The most common method is straight-line depreciation that equally divides the value of an asset by the number of years used in depreciation and then subtracts that amount at the end of each period from the asset. Amortization uses the same method yet is applied to a goodwill or subjectively determined value of an intangible good.

7. Calculate cost of sales using several different methods.

Cost of sales is also known as the Cost of Goods Sold (COGS).

In order to calculate the COGS one needs to do the following steps (Warren, 133):

1. Add cost of goods purchased within a given period to the beginning inventory to obtain cost of goods available for sale.

2. Subtract ending inventory or the goods left on hand at the end of the period to arrive at the cost of goods sold.

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Help with Personal Statement Writing

2012-02-02T10:53:00.000-08:00

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Research Paper on Diseases

2012-01-17T23:42:00.000-08:00

Research Paper on Diseases

1. Description of diseases

1.1. Malaria

Malaria is among the major causes of death in the world and kills over a million people annually. (Kujtan). Although this virus kills less than 1% of those who actually contract it, the high infection rates (over 300,000,000 people contract the disease every year) account for the impressive mortality figures. Malaria “kills more people than any other communicable disease except tuberculosis” (irishhealth.com). The deaths primarily occur among young children in Africa, especially those who live in the countryside and have poor access to health care (nobelprize.org).

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Malaria is spread mostly in tropical and sub-tropical areas including Africa, India, the Caribbean and South America, but affects people from other countries travelling to those areas as well. For example, in North America, over a thousand people are diagnosed with this disease annually after trips to the warmer regions (Kujtan). Over 90% of all malaria cases are reported in sub-Saharan Africa. Overall, this disease is found in 101 countries: “45 countries in Africa, 21 in the Americas, 4 in Europe, 14 in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, eight in South East Asia and nine in the Western Pacific Region” (irishhealth.com). Currently, the infection has appeared in the regions where it was exterminated years ago, such as Tajikistan, Azerbaijan, and Korea. Although the area affected by the disease has become smaller than 50 years ago, it is still a huge part of the world. Malaria is a major health problem now in over 90 countries with a population of 2,400 million people that represent 40% of the global population (nobelprize.org). Malaria risk is increasing as methods of land use are changing due to the development of road construction, mining, logging, and agricultural and irrigation projects. International travel, flows of refugees caused by armed conflicts and global climatic change are also exacerbating the malaria situation around the globe. The particular forms of malaria spreading have become “airport malaria” when the disease is imported by travellers, and "weekend malaria," that affects town residents in Africa getting back to their rural settlements. The United Kingdom recorded 2,364 cases of malaria in 1997 brought to the country by travellers (nobelprize.org).

The disease is caused by Plasmodia, one-cell creatures that get into human blood after bites of infected anopheline mosquitoes. The parasite inside the body of the human gets into the liver, incubating there. Malaria is more frequently transmitted during a rainy season (irishhealth.com). Malaria can also be contracted through blood transfusions or dirty needle use (Kujtan).

Malaria symptoms include “fever, shivering, pain in the joints, headache, muscle aches, tiredness, repeated vomiting, generalised convulsions and coma”, possibly also nausea, vomiting, and diarrhoea (irishhealth.com).

If malaria is quickly diagnosed, it can be cured, which is why the majority of people who develop malaria survive. Malaria is diagnosed via a malaria smear that is a drop of blood that is examined under a microscope. Malaria has four different forms, three of which are “benign”, meaning that the patient has a fairly good chance of survival, while the fourth one is dangerous as it can lead to death within 48 hours. If the disease is not fully cured, the symptoms can return in a few months.

Malaria surfaces in the regions affected by hurricanes, for example, in the Caribbean. The disease was once common in the southern US but was eradicated later on (Kujtan). Currently the instances of malaria transmission in North America are limited to the cases when infected mosquitoes have come to the continent in travelers’ bags or have bitten local mosquitoes.

The studies of the economic impact of malaria in Africa, the region most affected by this deadly malaise, have been looking into the losses caused by the outlays for treatment, lost productivity due to missed working hours, households’ expenditures on medication and treatment, the days missed by schoolchildren at educational establishments, expenses at public health care offices, and the impact on people’s health. A study by Shepard et al. in 1991 revealed that the economic loss from malaria to the African continent in 1987 amounted to $791 million, constituting 0.6% of the Sub-Saharan Gross Domestic Product (Chapter 6:164). The study by Leighton and Foster in 1993 estimated the production loss inflicted by malaria on the economies of Kenya and Nigeria to be in the ranges of 2-6% of the GDP and 1-5% respectively (Chapter 6:165).

1.2. West Nile virus

West Nile Virus is contracted by people most commonly from mosquitoes or birds (CDC). Other creatures that spread the disease include insects such as sand flies, ceratopogonids, "no-see-ums", ticks, and vertebrates such as dogs, cats and horses. The contraction of the virus by humans is accidental, and the human being cannot be infected by the West Nile Virus as a result of communication with another human. In 80% of the cases the disease will be asymptomatic, but in 20% of the cases humans will develop a serious condition called West Nile fever or West Nile disease (CDC). The symptoms of the West Nile Fever are “fever, headache, tiredness, and body aches, occasionally with a skin rash (on the trunk of the body) and swollen lymph glands” (CDC: Symptoms of West Nile Virus). The contraction of the virus can lead to encephalitis affecting the brain itself, meningitis that affects the lining of the brain and spinal cord, West Nile meningoencephalitis (inflammation of the brain and the membrane surrounding it), and West Nile poliomyelitis (inflammation of the spinal cord) called then West Nile disease, or neuroinvasive disease (westnilefever.com). the symptoms of the West Nile disease include “headache, high fever, neck stiffness, stupor, disorientation, coma, tremors, convulsions, muscle weakness, and paralysis” (CDC). The risk of developing a disease is especially common in people over 50 or those with damaged immunity, such as transplant patients. The incubation period usually lasts from 2 to 15 days, and the disease itself is usually over in a few days, although in some patients the symptoms may persist for weeks.

West Nile fever is typically of short duration and does not leave any lasting health effects. On the other hand, the West Nile disease can evoke “permanent neurological damage” and result in the death of the patient (westnilefever.com). The death rate of those infected with West Nile virus is less than 1 person in 1000, as less than 1% of those who contract the virus develop encephalitis, and the rate of fatality among encephalitis patients varies from 3% to 15%.

This dangerous virus first entered the Western Hemisphere and was registered in New York in 1999 (Zohrabian). Since then, the virus spread all over the US and most of the states registered WNV-positive in 2004, except Washington. Some of the Mexican and Canadian provinces bordering on the US were affected as well (US Geological Survey). During the outbreak of the disease in 2002, 4,156 WNV cases were registered in the United States. 2,942 people developed a condition affecting the central nervous system. 284 disease cases led to lethal outcomes (Zohrabian).

A study was conducted aimed at assessing the economic impact of the disease in Louisiana where 329 cases were reported in 2002, including 24 lethal cases. The research took into account “medical costs (inpatient and outpatient); nonmedical costs, such as productivity losses caused by illness and premature death, costs of transportation for a patient to visit a healthcare provider, and childcare expenses; and costs incurred by public health and other government agencies for epidemic control” (Zohrabian). The costs associated with the short-term impact on the epidemic on the economy of the state including the factors mentioned above were found to equal $20.1 million, and the figure is likely to be understated as some of the costs such as expenses associated with outpatient medication and others were not available to the researchers. The scientists extrapolated their findings on the local impact to other regions. Assuming that Louisiana was a representative state, the cost to the nation of the epidemic in the time span between June 2002 and February 2003 was found to be $139.8 million, including $57.5 million in short-term costs of inpatient treatment, $5.6 million for outpatient treatment costs, and non-medical costs of $76.7 million (Zohrabian). The long-term impact can be expected to be even greater as some of the patients were not able to get back to their jobs immediately after the end of the given timeframe and expected to continue with treatment.

1.3. Dengue

Dengue is world’s most common arthropod-generated disease. There exist four serotypes of the dengue virus (DENV), all of which are transmitted by the mosquito Aedes aegypti. If a person has experienced infection with one dengue serotype, the person acquires lifelong immunity to that type, but can fall victim to other serotypes (WHO Fact Sheet).

Currently, over 50 million people around the globe contract dengue every year. On the American continent, the epidemic of the dengue occurred in the 1980s starting with the first outbreak of dengue haemorrhagic fever/ dengue shock syndrome in Cuba. Now dengue is found in many countries in North and South America. In 2002, 75% of the cases found in the Americas were registered in Brazil (Cruz 2002: 1).

Dengue infection can result in a variety of conditions ranging from a mild ailment (undifferentiated febrile illness (viral syndrome)), to an illness whose symptoms resemble the grippe (dengue fever (DF)) to the most severe condition called dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) including dengue shock syndrome (DSS) that can lead to a lethal outcome within 24 hours. The fatality rate for dengue haemorrhagic fever can exceed 20% without proper treatment, but with intensive therapy this figure can be reduced to 1% (WHO).

Undifferentiated fever usually develops in children infected with DENV for the first time and has the same set of symptoms as other virus infections. Sometimes this disorder is accompanied by maculopapular rashes. Dengue fever is accompanied by “headache, myalgias, arthralgias, rashes and leucopenia” (WHO Fact Sheet). Sometimes the disease is accompanies by more severe symptoms such as muscle and joint pain and haemorrhage. Dengue fever usually does not affect the local population in the areas where this disease is endemic.

Dengue haemorrhagic fever occurs with a quick advent of high fever, often accompanied by the liver enlargement. In some cases this acute condition is accompanied by circulatory failure. The fever reaches 40-41 degrees Celsius, along with febrile convulsions and haemorrhagic phenomena. The fever subsides after 2-7 days, after which symptoms usually disappear. If the patient enters dengue shock syndrome, death can follow within 12-24 hours if he/she is not rescued by intensive therapy. DHF usually occurs in people who have already experienced the DENV infection, although sometimes it can be found in people who are contracting DENV for the first time (WHO Fact Sheet).

Dengue was found in only 9 countries before 1970, but since then the disease has been gaining spread and severity. The number of the countries reporting dengue has risen by four times and continues to increase. Every year viruses cause infections in almost 100 tropical countries, leading to 2,000-3,000 deaths, primarily of children. The pandemic of the 20-21st century was caused by the changes in lifestyles that came with “population explosion, urbanization and rapid transportation of large numbers of people” (Pan American Health Foundation). The new conditions in the developing countries where population growth has been especially quick precipitate the spread of the infection creating a more favorable environment for the main DENV transmitter, Aedes aegypti. Quick migration of the developing nations’ population to cities with poor urban infrastructure, inadequate water supply, and heaps of solid waste can lead to high proliferation of Aedes aegypti (WHO). Modern trends of international trade contribute to the transportation of the mosquito’s larvae in the used tires where rainwater accumulates (WHO).

Some estimates claim that de-facto infection rates are even higher as the number of deaths may in fact total 12,000 per year as not all the cases are reported to the WHO (WHO). The pandemic is on the rise on the American continent, in the Eastern Mediterranean, Southeast Asia, and Western Pacific (WHO). In the unprecedented pandemic of dengue fever and dengue haemorrhagic fever in 1998, 1.2 million cases were registered in 56 countries worldwide.

1.4. Plague

Plague can be of three different forms: bubonic plague, septicemic plague, and pneumonic plague differing in their clinical features. The symptoms of bubonic plague are enlarged, tender lymph nodes, fever, chills and prostration. A person develops a blister at the site that was bitten by the flea. Sometimes a patient develops ulcers in places of the lymph nodes, such as groin, armpit, and neck. The patient suffers from extreme exhaustion and delirium.

Septicemic plague is characterized by “fever, chills, prostration, abdominal pain, shock, and bleeding into skin and other organs” (Wrong Diagnosis). Pneumonic plague affecting the lungs causes “fever, chills, cough, difficulty breathing, and rapid shock and death if not treated early” (Wrong Diagnosis).

Bubonic plague offers better chances of survival, but if the disease is left untreated, the bacteria get into the blood and proliferate there. In this way they spread throughout the body leading to a severe condition that often leads to death.

Pneumonic plague occurs when the lungs are infected. This is a serious respiratory illness that may lead to quick death unless the patient is given quick antibiotic therapy.

Plague is caused by bacillus called Yersinia pestis transmitted by fleas. Humans most often get fleas from rats, which was why the disease was more common in the Middle Ages when towns and villages were teeming with rats. The bacillus is transmitted via “direct contact with infected tissues or fluids from handling sick or dead animals” or from “respiratory droplets from cats and humans with pneumonic plague” (Wrong Diagnosis). Fatality rate reaches 50-90% if the disease is not treated; 15% in case of proper diagnosis and treatment. About 14% of all plague cases in the United States result in the death of the patient.

Throughout the history of mankind plague has taken almost 200 million human lives. Starting with the first outbreak of bubonic plague in Europe during the 6th Century, the disease became the scourge of the mediaeval world. Plague comes from the Gobi Desert and achieved a pandemic reach in the 14th century. In the Middle Ages plague killed nearly one-third of the population. The disease quickly spread through Asia along the trade routes. Although this terrible death is typically associated with Europe, it was as ruinous in other parts of the world. Even countries situated at a significant distance from Europe such as China were affected. The epidemic of plague in China in 1328 reduced the country’s population to 90 million from 125 million. With the advent of European shipping, the terrible disease spread to the areas such as the Crimea and Egypt. The size of the pandemic had a devastating effect on the size of the population of the mediaeval world, as whole areas became depopulated as people were fleeing from the areas where the disease was found. A special place in the history of mankind takes the Black Death of 1665 that almost halved the population of the British capital (Black Death).

The last outbreak of plague happened in the US in Los Angeles in 1924-25 (CDC).Now the WHO reports about 1,000- 3,000 cases per year (CDC).In North America plague occurs in animals and fleas in the areas located from the Pacific Coast to the Great Plains, and from south-western Canada to Mexico. The spread of the plague in the US is limited to two great areas. One is northern New Mexico, northern Arizona, and southern Colorado, and the other includes California, southern Oregon, and far western Nevada. Plague is found in a number of countries in Africa, Asia, and South America (CDC). The people who are in the risk group for contracting plague include those who often come in contact with rodents, for example, foresters, veterinarians, etc. Hikers or campers entering areas infected with plague can also catch the infection. In the United States plague is often transmitted by animals other than rats such as squirrels, prairie dogs, and other burrowing rodents.

2. Comparison

The four diseases described above all take a heavy toll on the human health, and when it comes to an individual illness, they all have an adverse impact on the human being. But if one thinks in global terms, the seriousness of the damage is not the same.

2.1. Economic perspective

From the global historical perspective, plague has been most detrimental to the progress and well-being of human society. We could claim that is affected the history of mankind reducing the size of population by a third in the Middle Age. Plague disrupted ties between different areas as authorities were seeking to protect the people by sealing off towns and villages affected by the plague.

However, now plague has fortunately lost the significance of a history-shaping factor. Although it is still found in Asia, Latin America and Africa, it can hardly be called the deadliest disease of the 21st century. 1,000 – 3,000 cases reported by the WHO annually with approximately 15% of mortality among those who receive proper treatment do not present a serious danger to the world’s population.

Among infectious diseases, plague has yielded its horrific first place as human killer to malaria that is responsible for 300, 000, 000 infections per year. Even with a mortality rate under 1%, with the number of infections, this disease posts a serious threat to the population of 90 countries where the disease is found.

Perhaps the most serious implication of malaria is the economic loss it inflicts on the Sub-Saharan region in Africa. The annual economic loss, as indicated in the section on malaria, amounted to $791 million, although the real numbers were estimated to be much higher. In comparison, the economic damage wrought by the West Nile virus in the US was assessed to amount to roughly $140 million. The comparison of the two numbers needs to provide for the striking difference in the size of the Gross Domestic Product in the US and Sub-Saharan Africa. The United States can ward off the impact of a similar economic loss with much greater resilience than the countries in the less affluent world.

2.2. Current situation

From the point of view of the dynamics of the disease spread, dengue is one infection that has been on the rise of late. Originally confined to only 9 nations, it has now expanded to over 100 countries worldwide, claiming at least 2,000 – 3,000 lives a year or 12,000 by broad estimates.

On the other hand, other infectious diseases have shrunk in the past few centuries. Plague that was a global factor in the Middle Age is now an important social phenomenon in a handful of developing nations and has been practically eradicated in developed countries. The area affected by malaria has also shrunk in the past 50 years, although a severe battle with this disease still lies ahead as it began to re-emerge in the Asian regions where is had been eradicated, such as Korea and Central Asian republics.

In the North America, only 1 to 40 cases of plague are found per year. This compares to about 4,000 cases of West Nile Virus registered in 2002 in the US. The virus that entered the American continent in 1999, quickly spread to the majority of the states, and is now found in some Mexican and Canadian provinces. This proves that this infection is probably the greatest challenge of the four for North America. Malaria and dengue fever are also found in only scattered cases, malaria mainly imported by travellers returning from tropical countries.

2.3. Clinical perspective

From the clinical perspective, all the four diseases can progress in a relatively mild form, while in a minority of cases a more serious form can develop that has significantly higher mortality rates. West Nile virus can lead to encephalitis, meningitis, meningoencephalitis, or poliomyelitis. Malaria has one form that may cause death within 48 hours as opposed to the other three benign forms. Plague mortality is higher if the patient develops a seroseptic or a pneumonic form, and dengue can lead to death if a patient develops dengue hemorrhagic fever leading to dengue shock syndrome. Thus, lighter forms of the disease caused by the same virus or bacillus have much lower mortality rates. For example, only less than 1% of those infected with West Nile Virus die, but for those who develop West Nile virus encephalitis, the rate is 3 to 15%.

Proper treatment is also important. Among those who contract plague and do not get quick therapy, the fatality rate is 50-90%, while among patients who have access to treatment the rate shrinks to 15%.

While dengue, West Nile Virus and plague are typically cured completely unless the infected person dies, malaria symptoms can recur in a few months, making this disease a more debilitating experience.

2.4. Epidemiology

West Nile Virus is transmitted by both birds and mosquitoes, while dengue and malaria infections are spread by mosquitoes. This means that the infection rates for these diseases can be reduced by trying to disrupt the environments favorable for the mosquito proliferation, such as damp areas.

The plague, in contrast, is transmitted by fleas that bite humans, and fleas reside in the rats’ fur. That is why the plague was conquered when the developed nations freed their towns and settlements from rodents and found ways to get rid of the parasites.

Conclusion

Taking into consideration all of the comparisons outlined above, we will conclude that the most serious disease from the global perspective is malaria. First, it affects the poorest regions of the world, eating at their already poor economic strength. Second, the overall size of the economic damage is significant. Third, malaria is a disease with recurring symptoms unless cured completely.

From the personal perspective, plague can be considered the deadliest disease. While any of the above-mentioned disorders leave a debilitating effect on the body, plague has the highest mortality rates that are above those for any other infection. Besides, it affects the immunity system, which is extremely harmful.

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TELUS Research Paper

2012-01-16T07:59:00.000-08:00

TELUS and Securitization Research Paper

One should start by saying that TELUS Inc is one of the largest and most competitive Canadian providers of data, internet protocols, voice and wireless communications and Ethernet services. The company provides a full range of various communication products and services that connect the world. In the year ended December 31, 2004, TELUS generated more than $7 billion in revenues.

TELUS employs over 25 thousand people with offices scattered across Canada. The following research paper will speak about the securitization process as present in TELUS corporation.

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Securitization is viewed at TELUS as a financial technique that pools corporate assets together and thus turns them into a tradable security. TELUS believes that the use of securitization will allow the company to immediately realize the cash value of a cash-producing asset. Securitization started in 1970s and currently formed a market that equals to about $6.8 trillion.

Asset backed securities (ABS) are bonds that are backed by a pool of corporate financial assets that are not easily traded in their existing form. Yet by pooling a great number of these illiquid assets into one large pool, one manages to create new instruments that are easily bought and sold on the major capital markets (Stone, 88).

The securitization process works this way. The originator establishes a large pool of financial assets, such as mortgage loans, and then in turn sells these assets to a new investment vehicle that in turn would issue bonds that are backed up by these financial instruments/assets.

There is a difference between ABS and conventional bonds. Thus, if investors purchase and hold a regular bond, they receive regular payments during the life of that bond, plus the face value of the bond at the end of the bond’s life. Therefore, as long as the issuer of the bonds makes these regular payments and is financially healthy it will continue making these payments. Thus, the risk of default of the bonds is directly correlated with the risk of corporate bankruptcy and depends on corporate solvency (Davidson, 129).

Securitization is a more complex process and the payments primarily depend on the cash flows generated by the underlying pool of securities. Since the pool comprises many different assets, investors are given a certain level of protection should the company that created the financial asset goes bankrupt.

Because of such peculiarity applicable to the securitization process, ABS allows various companies to issue bonds with very high credit ratings, usually AAA, A+++. It is rather hard to achieve such high credit rating with regular ‘classical’ bonds. ABS thus allows TELUS and other companies to borrow money at a much cheaper rate.

one needs to remember that although residential mortgages were the first financial assets to be securitized, various non-mortgage related securitized assets appears on the financial market and comprised instruments like credit card payments, trade accounts receivable, auto loans and even student loans. If my memory does not fail me one would even use the royalty payments on David Bowie’s back catalog as an assets that qualifies for securitization.

TELUS finds the securitization process as a useful tool of generating cheap cash flows for the company in times of need. Annual issuance of securitized securities is about $800 billion which certainly makes the ABS market a place for TELUS to borrow money.

It is no wonder that “For TELUS, the securitization of its equipment leasing portfolio, currently managed by Telecom Leasing Canada (TLC) Limited (TLC), a wholly owned subsidiary of TELUS, will advance its national growth strategy and enable it to pay down debt incurred for strategic acquisitions.” (http://about.telus.com/cgi-bin/media_news_viewer.cgi?mode=2&news_id=275 ).

Understanding the advantage of the cheap funds generated by securitization TELUS will “apply the proceeds of the transaction, valued at C$147 million, toward the reduction in its bank operating borrowings thereby improving the financial flexibility of TELUS to invest in the growth areas of data, Internet Protocol and wireless” (http://about.telus.com/cgi-bin/media_news_viewer.cgi?mode=2&news_id=275). As a result of the successful securitization initiative for TELUS the company managed to raise about $1.2 billion from divestiture which it subsequently turned into securitization. One needs to remember that the company surpassed its goal of raising up to $1 billion. In 2004, TELUS had established a new financing plan that would use the free cash flows generated by its operations to “reduce and repurchase debt and amounts outstanding under its accounts receivable securitization program” (http://www.tmcnet.com/usubmit/2005/Feb/1119409.htm ). The company also plans to redeem its publicly held preference and preferred shares of TELUS communications, since Asset backed securities deployed in the securitization program of TELUS will provide the same financial resources at a much cheaper rate. As the article noted, TELUS in 2004 already repaid about $200 million in debt and would engage in sale of securitized accounts receivable. One reads further and understands that TELUS has about 900 million in cash and an undrawn credit facilities of $1.6 billion let alone cash generated by operating activities, TELUS is believed to have enough of financial resources to undergo proper corporate operations and engage in redemption of more expensive debt such as debentures (http://www.infoworld.com/Nokia/company_45847.html?view=3&curNodeId=0&prId=TO25718022005-1 ).

In conclusion, I would like to note that securitization is a very useful alternative to traditional debt as provided by banks or other financial institutions/market. Securitization allows the companies with imperfect credit rating to create triple A rated securities and thus benefit from the lower rates associated with the securities with low risks. TELUS corporation understood the advantages of securitization in 2001 and that same year engaged in creation of some ABS. In 2004, TELUS engaged in the process of redeeming its other debt and generate most of its cash flows from securitization.

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Research Paper on Justice System

2012-01-16T07:51:00.000-08:00

Research Paper on Justice System

Justice is the abstract philosophical concept that connotes fair distribution of society’s benefits and burdens among the members of the society. Once again one has to remember that there is no absolute justice in the world and the society, and its economic system each influence the principles of justice in the given society. Therefore, based on philosophical abstraction and King’s statement, I can state that there can be no long-term justice at all, because of the relative nature of personality degradation.

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Based on the egalitarian principle of justice all benefits and burdens in the society should be distributed equally among the society members. This can technically be achieved by providing equal wages to all nuclear engineers, body guards, McDonald’s waiters, and high school teachers. On one hand this may appear fair and just to all society members yet on the other hand equality may reduce the motivation in people to take risky jobs that because of the equal pay would appear unattractive to the job-seekers. People would stick to riskless jobs and would completely abandon the education that would not provide any monetary incentive in the society where every one would be paid similarly. Despite the fact that human personality is uplifted since all would get equal salary, such justice would not work for long since this system fails to compensate individual’s efforts.

Based on the Socialist principle of justice the benefits and burdens should be distributed based on the principle “from each according to one’s ability to each according to one’s needs”. This was the principle used in communist Russia (Soviet Union). Based on this principle, people should voluntary contribute as much as they could to the benefits of the society while expecting to receive everything according to their needs. I should note that from the logical point of view this system appears rather egalitarian as well, while focusing more on the better workers’ contribution while distributing the benefits among the other society members. In other words, this system could only work when people are voluntarily are willing to contribute their best efforts at work, while also being able to precisely express their needs to receive the benefits. As a result the education should also become unnecessary because the years spent in school (that do not guarantee future best efforts) could be spent on the field planting potatoes-or do other things that measure best efforts. To the best of my knowledge this principle of justice indeed worked in the USSR for a short period of time, providing justice for all. Still, I should note that the Soviet Economy based on the Socialist principle of justice indeed did not work for a long period of time and the efficiency was much lower than that in the developed capitalist economies.

Based on the principles of Capitalist justice the benefits and burdens should be distributed based on the principle “from each according to his / her investment”. This principle of justice states that the rich people should receive the greatest amount of benefits, as well as those who contribute the best/ largest amount of other investment (labor, financial or knowledge) to receive the largest benefits in the society. Therefore, this principle of justice is directly correlated with the personal or inherited input in the society to receive the best benefits. The injustice associated with the given principle of justice is that those unprivileged groups of people who do not possess the investment are not expected to receive any benefits from the society that lives according to the capitalist principles of justice. The blacks, Latinos or immigrants that come to the capitalist country in search of a new life-are doomed to work for the initial accumulation of capital and only then are expected to receive the benefits the society has to offer.

In conclusion I would like to say that because there are at least three types of justices as expressed above one cannot objectively state whether or not the justice can be achieved for a long period of time for all. By the same token the statement of M. L. King Jr. “any law that uplifts human personality is just. Any law that degrades human personality is unjust,” In the Soviet Union the socialist justice was present for all, thus making everyone work to the best of their efforts while receiving only to their needs (not wants or whims!). Yet the period of the existence of the Soviet Union was less than 80 years, thus making us think that maybe once the justice is achieved the society cannot exist. Therefore, I believe that to achieve justice for all a society has to create something perfect. Yet because humans that create this justice are not perfect, thus the creation of justice for all is impossible, or the created justice is not true justice for all. The capitalist justice is currently trying to employ the egalitarian elements of justice with the government creating safety nets for unemployed, unprivileged, minorities or physically disabled. Yet still the justice according to the true capitalist or egalitarian principles is not achieved anywhere and that in my opinion contributes to the creation of the efficiencies and innovations that various interest groups strive to create to assure justice for themselves (not for all) if not for a long than at least for a short term period.

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"The Red Convertible" Essay

2012-01-13T07:15:00.000-08:00

"The Red Convertible" Essay

Reading the story “The Red Convertible” by Louise Erdirch I was looking for the message that the author was trying to give. What idea was the author trying to bring to the reader and what literary theory he indeed used in order to make this message vivid? How was Louise Erdirch trying to convey the reader and how was he exploring the main idea of brotherhood.

“The Red Convertible” by Louise Erdrich is the story about the young energetic man, who is full of energy and spirit of freedom, who lives a happy life and who has a great break in his life after he comes back from Vietnam. Indeed it is obvious that people who are involve in war zones suffer from a tragic experience and they are mentally scarred for life from the trauma in the war. Same happened to Henry.

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Henry is a lively and cheerful man who loves his life. He enjoys taking his “red Olds” (Erdrich 283) convertible for a ride to many different places. He and his brother Lyman were eager to travel and had many small trips. Indeed, brothers had very close and trusty relationships. Soon after, the army assigned Henry to go to the Vietnam War. The war that he had to attend to was “at least three years” (Erdrich 286) before Henry could go home. That war was like no other war in American history. In that war, the “enemies was not easily identifiable or necessarily in uniform; women and children could kill others on the streets. The object was to kill as many people as possible and survive.” PTSD Summary”).

As soon as Henry returns home he acts and behaves “very different” and the “change is no good” (Erdrich 256). The once talkative and cheery Henry turns into a silent, irritated, and isolated person. He is quiet, “so quiet and never comfortable sitting still anywhere but always up and moving around” (Erdrich 286). Henry is no longer comfortable communicating; now he doesn’t talk. As his brother, Lyman said that Henry “always had a joke and now no one could get him to laugh, or when he did it was more the sound of a man choking” (Erdrich 286). He became very irritated and he hated company, preferring loneness. His family starts to notice Henry’s unusual actions. All of his symptoms were the results from the war. That was indeed the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder that Henry, an American Indian veteran marine, got after having to the war.

As a result, Henry couldn’t adapt to his experience in the war. It seems like he never came home. In an article it says that “veterans report the feeling that they never really made it back from the war. Formerly suicidal people feel they never really made it back to normal life” (“Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder”). He was stuck in the war and kept continuing to think about the past and dwells on it. He could no longer take all the stress and emotions that was going through his head. Therefore, he talked his own life and as he committed suicide he said “his boots are filling” (Erdrich 290) and than he’s gone.

Analyzing the story I came to the idea that the tension in the story is developed through the structure and word choice. The story begins with a close relationship between the brothers, yet differences are pointed out. They are carefree living day to day with no worries. Henry then leaves for the Vietnam War and comes back a different person. Struggles over the television, a picture of Henry, and the car are very noticeable, although the resolutions of these struggles are not as forward. A physical conflict at the river and the word choices through out the story bring it closure. The conflict between the brothers and the inner conflict each brother has is resolved at the end of the story.

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Essay on Canada

2012-01-13T07:08:00.000-08:00

Essay on Canada

One should start by saying that health policy in modern day Canada is believed to be among the best health services in the world. Nevertheless, the demand for these healthcare services is constantly growing while the economic resources available for health care are diminishing. Originally healthcare initiatives were defined and presented in 1964 by the Royal Commission on Health Services and defined the main goal as to present quick and equal access to medical care for all Canadians. The current issue/goal is to help all Canadians to achieve the best possible state of health for each individual and achieve that within the proper constraints as imposed by ever-improving social, economic, political and technological environment.

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The given issue had been expressed in the policy for health that was reflected in the mandate of the commission on the future of Canadian health care. The year 2002 was marked by the Commission’s recommendation regarding the new policies and measure that would assure sustainable, universally accessible, and publicly funded medical system providing only quality services in the long-run (Evans, 120). The policies attempted to find an optimal balance as to whether to fund preventive or health maintenance healthcare to assure proper services with least amount of investment. The recommendations speak about the sources of financing, organizational changes and challenges that the new policy goals currently face.

Currently these issues are divided into the following main categories:

a. Government responsibility for Canadian Health. The federal health department started to take responsibility for the national health in 1919; before that it was department of agriculture to cover any health-related needs. The new health department was created in 1993 and the federal government’s responsibility started to cover all health services for Canadians, Indians/Inuits, federal employees, and immigrants. The health department also started to control food and drugs, inspect medical devices, research the public health, administer health care insurance, collect general information about services related to health conditions and practices on the territory of Canada. The health care responsibility for the government is derived from the government’s constitutional power over criminal law, government spending on peace, order and good government of Canada. The government currently controls the medicine through Food and Drugs Act, Controlled Substance Act, Canada Health Act, and Canada Health and Social Transfer (CHST). Still, one needs to understand that the role of provinces in providing healthcare is also growing.

b. Healthcare financing. The federal government of Canada has the power to generate finance for healthcare through taxation and borrowing as long as it does not infringe on provincial powers. The National health Grants Program of 1948 was first insurance-type program for all Canada. The grants were welcomed by all provinces that required funds for planning and organization, public health and hospital construction. The creation o Hospital Insurance and Diagnostic Services Act of 1957 and the Medical Care Act of 1966 unified all provinces and contributed to the nation wide health insurance system for Canada (Miller Chenier 132).

Currently Canada is in a great need to address the following issues that are a part of the Canadian society:

1. Tobacco control. Although some efforts are made with respect to advertising control and prohibition of sale of tobacco products to minors, Canada still needs to develop proper anti-smoking propaganda campaigns similar to those created in the USA.

2. Same sex marriage. Same sex marriages are permitted and major provinces boast a growing number of same sex marriages already. Certainly, one has not conducted any particular statistics regarding the future impact of same-sex marriages on the public health and morality.

3. Alberta’s possible tax deductions for gym memberships. Tax deduction for gym memberships as might be created in Alberta shows a wonderful attempt by the local government to stimulate physical activity among Canadians and invest in preventive healthcare. In my humble opinion, such initiative as presented by one province is a good boost of public preventive healthcare (Boychuk, 23).

4. Accessibility to healthcare is believed to be universal, yet still it is believed that Indians and Inuit communities of Canada are deprived of proper healthcare. Furthermore, there exist long queues for important organ transplants which although formally being of quick assess to everyone is of little physical access to people.

5. Privatization of healthcare. There are debates among political, economist and healthcare thinkers about the pros and cons of private healthcare options similar to those present in the USA. Currently, one views Canadian system of public welfare as superior to the US healthcare system that fully benefits only the rich and leaves the poor with little choice.

6. Pharmacare. One needs to understand that pharmacare is the government initiative created to subsidize eligible prescription drugs and necessary medical supplies to protect Canadians from high drug costs (Madore, 179). Pharmacare provides several plans (e.g. Fair Pharmacare plan) that present financial assistance mostly to families who need it based on their household net income. The family pays a deductible based on the family income. The family pays a monthly deductible payment option (monthly installments) and start receiving PharmaCare assistance and services immediately.

Currently Pharmacare covers arthritis, fertility, hepatitis C, HIV/AIDS, Injectable Medicine, PAH (Hypertension), RSV, and transplants. The official pharmacare website, located at http://www.pharmacare.com/ allows Canadians quickly estimate their deductible for Pharmacare plans and engage in it online. As one can predict, Pharmacare is suitable for every person who needs it based on his/her income.

At present Canadian government cooperates with numerous healthcare organizations with provincial and territorial representation to protect the health of Canadians from various sicknesses.

The healthcare department of Canada operates through the Health Intelligence Network and thus works with different levels of Canadian government across the Canadian healthcare system paying close attention to healthcare surveillance, prevention, control and research to predict and tap possible epidemics and outbreaks in Canada and other countries worldwide.

The Health Canada supervises various foods in Canada by administering food and Drugs Act and releasing advisories and warnings on existing consumables in Canada like foods and drugs, beautycare products. The most recent focus is on Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and Natural foods.

The government of Canada believes that it should play a drastically important role in securing public health and safety.

The Canadian government attempts to achieve positive health improvements by implementing the following different changes:

1. Invest heavily into public safety and emergency preparedness to integrate into a single portfolio of important activities.

2. merge the office of Critical Infrastructure Protection and Emergency Preparedness Office into Public Safety and emergency preparedness portfolio. This is believed to improve efficiency and effectiveness of Canadian healthcare system with respect to natural disaster and emergencies.

3. The Public Safety and emergency preparedness portfolio will tap natural disasters around the world as well as local emergencies.

4. Public initiatives used to protect the health of immigrants and foreigners living permanently or temporarily in Canada.

5. Government initiative to support a new Canada Public Health agency under the Minister of Health.

The following issues one still needs to address in the Canadian healthcare system:

1. Equity of access. Since the healthcare system is public it creates excessive demand for the services that basically cost nothing to people (except for their taxes). On one hand every person regardless of their financial status can be the needed attention and support. On the other hand, increased affordability leads to drug abuse, and inefficient spending of the scarce government resources applied to cases that do not necessarily need medical treatment the patient requires.

2. Safety vs. Efficiency. Healthcare in every country needs to be safe since one deals with human health. Therefore, much investment should be directed towards developing and licensing safe drugs while abandoning unsafe products. Efficiency, on the other hand demand competition among existing health care institutions, healthcare plans and pharmaceutical companies. Competition although improves efficiency and contributes to safety in the long-run, in the short run might provide unsafe drugs as long as they are bought by the public. The role of Canadian public healthcare is to serve as a judge, selecting the best drugs to distribute to the patients and direct the pharmaceutical companies toward producing these government-endorsed drugs (Marmor, 210).

3. Cost vs. Containment. As every publicly funded program, healthcare appears to be underfunded. The need to control the spread of disease and to assure customer satisfaction typically requires high expenditures that may never be enough taking into account the publicly-funded nature of medicine in Canada.

Speaking about the main issue that should be given highest priority, I believe that it should be the full public insurance plan to cover all costs. Unlike other issues, the need to possess affordable full insurance is apparent. People should be given a monetary compensation in time of sickness according to their insurance plans. Then, a person would have a freedom to choose what healthcare institution she/he wants to use to remedy their disease. Insurance will provide people with an option of attending local hospitals and possibly foreign hospitals should Canadian hospitals fail to meet the customer needs adequately and in a timely manner.

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Help with College Essay Writing

2012-01-10T01:02:00.000-08:00

Get Help with College Essay Writing

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Essay on School Nursing

2012-01-09T03:15:00.001-08:00

Essay on School Nursing

The role of the school nurse in maintaining a healthy lifestyle of children and adolescent cannot be overestimated. The article titled “School nurses” on the Teachernet website states that school nurses provide help to the children with special educational needs, run vaccination, help young people with the family planning and do many other things that are of no less significance. But, it sometimes happens, that children and young people do not want to aks for the nurse’s help, even when they’re in great need of it. To solve this problem, the professional image of the school nurse should be promoted among her clients and their parents.

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The authors of the School Nurse Practice Development Resource Pack say that the first thing that should be done for accomplishing this task is providing full and truthful information about the abilities and charges that the nurse has. The kids and teenagers should be aware of the possibility to get help with any health related problems and concerns from the school nurse.

Given a student comes to the nursing office to get some assistance the nurse has to do his/her best to help him. Children and adolescent tend to trust the experience of their friends much more than recommendations provided by the grown-ups, that’s why by helping one student you may gain the trust of his/her classmates. The nurse may also talk with teachers and other school staff and ask them to encourage the students to turn to her with health problem concerning them or their relatives and friends.

Young people are sometimes afraid to talk about the health problems they have, especially when they’re related to the sexual sphere, that’s why the nurse has to assure her clients that their confidentiality will be preserved. To fulfill this promise the nurse has to take care about the medical records she leads, as their promulgation may not only harm the pupil’s reputation, but also question the nurse’s professionalism.

The nurse also has to promote the concept of the healthy lifestyle, both verbally and with her own appearance. The students often become interested in this issue, so that they are likely to come to the nurse and question her about the peculiarities of eating and moving healthy.

I interviewed Valerie who has been working as a school nurse for fifteen years already. She says she really likes her job, for that both students and other school staff appreciate her work greatly and assist her best they can. Valerie reports that she was really disappointed when she started her practice. She had been absolutely sure that all the students and teachers are aware of the significant role that school nurses play in organizing a studying process, but misunderstandings and ignorance what that met her first. Valerie put a great amount of effort to prove that she could make a significant contribution into the work done by the school staff.

What helped Valerie was that she did her best to provide help for every student or teacher who asked it. She confesses that chain effect was the reason for the adolescent to trust her with their problematic issues. Valerie remembered it sometimes happened that she worked as an intercessor between the student and his/her parents, in case there was some information the youth was afraid to convey personally.

Valerie continued her professional education; she is constantly deepening the knowledge of the new trends in nursing. She says it makes her feel confident during the working day, as nursing is a very responsible and demanding occupation. When I asked my interviewee about the mistakes she made while promoting her professional image, she noted it would’ve been helpful if she had managed to maintain more productive professional relations with some of the teachers.

In modern world not all the people understand the significance of the school nurse’s practice, so that the nurses should make some effort to make their agency more prominent. This will result in the increase of people the nurses will be able to help.

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Oppositional Defiant Disorder Research Paper

2012-01-09T03:12:00.000-08:00

Oppositional Defiant Disorder Research Paper

Before giving the exact definition of the notion oppositional disorder, we should not forget all children are from time to time hungry, stressed or simply upset and not satisfied and thus can conduct themselves oppositionally, with includes talking back, disobeying parents and teachers and other adults. This is to be considered a normal part of development of a child, but constant hostile behavior might become a concern, as soon as it becomes vivid in comparison with other children who are of the same age and level of development.

The American Psychiatric Association defines oppositional defiant disorder as: “recurrent pattern of negativistic, defiant, disobedient, and hostile behavior toward authority figures that persists for at least 6 months. Behaviors included in the definition are the following: losing one’s temper; arguing with adults; actively defying requests; refusing to follow rules; deliberately annoying other people; blaming others for one’s own mistakes or misbehavior; being touchy, easily annoyed or angered, resentful, spiteful, or vindictive.” (Barlow J, Stewart-Brown S: Behavior problems and group-based parent education programs. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2000 p.2). Such kind of behavior does cause difficulties with family and friends; oppositional behavior is usually the same at home and at school. Sometimes oppositional behavior can be a forerunner of conduct disorder.

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Certain criteria were worked out, which are defining conduct and oppositional defiant disorder. For conduct disorder they are the following:

Aggression to people and animals (is able to initiate physical fight, threatens others, is physically cruel to others);
Devastation of property (setting a fire, doping harm to other’s property on purpose).
Telling lies or stealing something (is able to lie to obtain something or to avoid obligations);
Serious breaking the rules (running away from home, playing truant from school).

And the following criteria were worked out for oppositional defiant disorder:

Hostile and defiant behavior, which lasted not less than six months and with at least four of these characteristics: loosing temper and arguing with others rather often, refusing to obey the requests of adults, annoying other people, blaming others for his/her mistakes, get easily annoyed by others, being angry and vindictive.Here again should be stressed that all these characteristics are applicable only in case if such kind of behavior is met more often than among other individuals of the same age and level of development.
This behavior inevitably causes worsening of social and academic occupations.
Characteristics are not met for conduct disorder.

It is no wonder that children, who had such kind of problems are more likely to take them into their grown-up life and start using alcohol of drugs, have poor personal life and career achievements, poor health, girls tend to become early mothers and single parents. Treating Conduct Disorder and Oppositional Defiant Disorder is sophisticated and needs much effort and skills. It can not be called an easy task to find a way to child’s soul and most intimate thoughts as he usually behaves uncooperative and feels mistrust to others, especially adults. Treatment should not be one sided, the best way would be to create a combination of psychological and medical interference. There are several techniques of psychological treatment. Parents do play an important role in the child’s life and thus it is believed that treatment should also include improving parents, but it should never be done separately from the child. Children, whose parents did their best to participate in treatment procedures, showed better results, than those whose parents were less cooperative. Very close to this way of treatment is so called “dyadic skills training”, the main idea of which is that the result of antisocial behavior of children is bad care-giving during early childhood. This dyadic treatment “consists of 12 to 18 one hour sessions designed for pre-school age children and their parents. During treatment, the clinician teaches the parents about children’s social, cognitive, and emotional development” (Forehand R, McMahon RJ: Helping the Non-Compliant Child: A Clinician’s Guide to Parent Training. New York, NY: Guilford Press; 1981 p. 10-36).

Family therapy results in improving the communication within the family, to make it open and honest, bring clarification for the family roles. This therapy is believed to be useful for children, who have not conducted any kind of serious problems, like running away from home or stealing.As peers play an important role in child’s development, there’s another method, called “group therapy”, which helps to maximize the contact prosocial peers instead of deviant ones.

Most researches think that psychopharmacological treatment alone can not an effective method of treating conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorder, but on the other hand medication can be an effective means of treating some symptoms.

Overall, it is unfortunately the result of researches that such disorders are a part of our life and children are very often the victims of poor up - brining or bad social conditions and surrounding, and parents and other adults are to know about such kind of disorders and are to take all possible steps to help the child to overcome them.
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"Maestro" Essay

2012-01-02T09:56:00.000-08:00

"Maestro" Essay

To state that the best texts are those that tell the reader about the important things that make us human can create a selection of ideas and perspectives on the issue. Many which may be for or against it. The portrayal of other humans also experiencing the hurdles and surprises that life presents can lead to a story becoming a countless novel. Things such as feelings, intellect and freedom are all matters of power that are encountered by humans and that can tell tales of willingness, pain, and success. These factors capture the reader as they can relate to the issues that are being conveyed. The reader follows the characters throughout the novel, while he or she overcomes or is defeated by these powers. This journey brings a distinct type of entertainment for the reader and it enables them to read on. Maestro, written by Peter Goldsworthy fills this category flawlessly.

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It contains all the factors of power that humans come to encounter throughout life: feelings, intellect and freedom. It is all incorporated into one story about transition form adolescence to adulthood by one of the storyA?a‚¬a„?s main characters Paul, and that of Keller an octogenarian ex-concert pianist whose sardonic and unwelcoming outlook point to a problematic past. The powers of the feelings felt by the characters in Maestro are all very compelling and deep. Keller feels a sense of betrayal after being assured that Jewish members of German families would not be harmed, especially his family considering that he was privately performing concerts for Adolf Hitler. After his wife and son are murdered by the very Nazi regime that he had entertained, Keller is shattered.

Keller also experiences the feeling and power of alienation, as he does not fit into the casual, vibrant world of Darwin. His formal dress and sophisticated nature set him well aside form the laid back and social culture of Darwin. When the story commences Paul is also something of an outsider. He is new to Darwin high school, unathletic, intellectual and musically intelligent. It is not until Paul joins the toughs of the school rock band that he finally gains acceptance. Love is another powerful feeling that is explored and felt throughout the book. Towards the end of the book we discover that Keller married his wife in his late forties.

Together with the power of the love of his music and the birth of his son he was living in one of the happiest moments of his life. In failing to protect his family, Keller not only destroyed his love as a source but also poisoned irrevocably the love for his music. For Paul he develops a love versus lust relationship between Megan and Rosie. However he soon realises that Megan brings him only pleasure and no emotional or intellectual stimulation. He eventually marries Rosie. The music theme is a thread in the rich tapestry of the story.

The intellect is in the two musically precocious main characters. It is a preoccupation of both Keller and Paul. Even Paul's parents are enriched or even defined of the operas. Keller's true mean of survival is music, through his teaching of it and the intellectual nourishment that it provides him. The power of the art is what, makes the book what it is. Keller states "if you want people to believe your lies, set it to music." This quote sophisticatedly informs us of the power that is held by music. Paul's life is also shaped by his love of music.

The older and more mature that he gets he attains a more sensual feel and response to music. The power of music assists Paul with love as their musical talents bring him and Rosie together, not to mention Keller and his wife that was a Wagnerian specialist. The power of love for a person, a song or a thing is what really creates and compliments the book. The human necessity for personal freedom is depicted in an unfamiliar way. Herr Keller searches for freedom of his past through the teaching of his music and his developing friendship with Paul.

While teaching Paul music, Keller lets go of past demons by revealing things about his life that had been kept unknown and unspoken of for many years. He releases his past and once again revives his love. For Paul he yearned for the freedom out of his struggle and subsequent agonies of self doubt that he felt while trying to establish himself as a first rate pianist. He longed to escape from the way the he was feeling and rise above it in order to achieve his goal. In relation to the success of the text Maestro it can be clearly seen that what truly assembles a story are the diverse aspects of human life and the way in which they are managed by the characters in the story.

Feelings of betrayal, love, musical intellect and freedom are all a portion of the obstacles and achievements that can be attained throughout a person's life.

The voyage that must be embarked on in order to accomplish or over come these things are what engages the reader into the story and provokes them to read on and pursuit the rest of the tale. This entertains the reader and it may also enlighten their outlook on life and their experiences. The maestro's tale is so realistic that it attains a power on its own. The realness, history and humanity of the human condition in Maestro are what make the story great.

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The Silmarillion Essay

2012-01-02T09:53:00.000-08:00

The Silmarillion Essay

The Silmarillion takes place after the beginning of the world, but before Arda, the Earth, was fully finished, and at the start of the First War. The Valar are the first beings on Arda, and therefore they rule it. It is understood that Illuvatar made the Valar and that Elves and Men will enter the world when he chooses.

The First War is between the Valar and Melkor, who was a Valar, but wants the world to himself. Feanor, who hates him, later calls him Morgorth. With the help of Tulkas, the war is won by the Valar, and Melkor is sentenced to three ages in the Halls of Mandos. Mandos is where the spirits of the dead go. One of the Valar, called Aule, creates Dwarves, and Illuvatar orders them to be asleep until their time comes to enter the world. At this time eagles were made, and sent to dwell in the mountains. Melkor makes his stronghold, Angband also.

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The Firstborn wake up from the sleep of Illuvatar and enter the world. They are also called Elves and the Quendi. Of the Elves there are three branches, the Noldor, Teleri, and Avari. Each of the branches live in a different part of Middle- earth. The King of the Noldor is Finwe. His sons are Feanor, Fingolfin, and Finarfin. Feanor's sons are Maedros, Maglor, Celegorm, Caranthir, Curufin, Amrod, and Amras.

During this time Melkor was set free. Feanor creates the Silmarils from the light of the Trees of Valinor, and thus Melkor wanted them. In his plan to cause Feanor to go against his brothers, Melkor spreads lies. Feanor ends up breaking the peace of Valinor and was sentenced to twelve years leave of Tirion, despite the fact that Melkor was exposed. His sons and father, King Finwe, join him in his banishment.

After the twelve years Melkor was again up to mischief. He teamed up with Ungoliant, and evil spider creature, to bring darkness to the world. The Trees of Valinor lit the world, and this Melkor knew. Ungoliant cast webs of darkness while Melkor cut the trees. She then in turn drank their sap and their light faded and ceased. At this opportunity, he killed Finwe and took the Silmarils. Feanor was with the Valar and Finwe was guarding the Silmarils.

Very soon after this, Feanor gathered the Noldor together and made an oath to which they all stood by. They would not stop until the Noldor held again the Silmarils. On their journey to Angband, they ended up at a sea. The Teleri had ships that they would not give up, and thus Feanor killed the Teleri for them. Once they reached land, a dark figure stood before them. The figure cursed the Noldor, and Feanor gave a brave speech in response. Nevertheless, Finarfin and some of his followers turned back. As soon as the Noldor reached the far shores, they continued on foot. They were met by Dwarves, which came into Middle- earth not long before. Of all the Elven races, the Dwarves of Beleriand befriended the Noldor the easiest.

King Thingol of the Teleri in Middle- earth gave the Dwarves pearls. In turn, they built him Menegroth. The First War of the Elves began with Orcs, evil creatures of Melkor, fighting against Thingol.

The Two Trees of Valinor bore two last things, a fruit and a flower. They became the Moon and the Sun. Anar, the fire- golden guided the Sun, and Isil, the Sheen the Vanyar of old steered the Moon. At the rising of the Sun Men awoke in Hildorien, in eastern Middle- earth.

Ard- galen was the place of the Second Battle of the Elves, called Dagor- nuin- Giliath. The Noldor were taken at unawares, but were swiftly victorious. At this battle were Balrogs sent from Angband. Feanor fought and was smitten to the ground by the Lord of Balrogs. His sons came to him immediately after, and were told to avenge him and to hold to their oath.

The Third Battle lasted four- hundred years long and was called Dagor- Aglareb, the Glorious Battle. The Noldor also won this, and destroyed the servants of Melkor up to the Gates of Angband. They were unsuccessful at obtaining the Silmarils at the Siege of Angband.

Turgon ruled a secret city called Gondolin. His sister, Aredhel wanted to leave the city to visit her kin, the Noldor, who were outside the walls of Gondolin. This he barely allowed. Turgon did not want anyone outside to know where Gondolin was located. Therefore he sent with Aredhel three Lords of his household. Though she lost them, she went on. She did not find the Noldor either and ended up wandering through Nan Elmoth. A Dwarf named Eol set an enchantment upon her and she could not find her way out and came to his dwelling. They wed and had a son named Maeglin.

When Men first came into the world Morgorth's spies were watching and the Men were filled with fear and lies of the Quendi.

Amid the many wars that followed, some beings found light in love, such as Beren and Luthien. Beren proved to be very brave and when he came across Luthien he loved her at first sight. Her father was King Thingol and since she was a Vala, she was not allowed to love a mortal man. Thus her father gave him a task he thought was impossible, to take a Silmaril from Morgorth, which was set in the Iron Crown. Luthien's love for Beren was great and she joined him on this quest, despite the attempts of her father to keep her in Doriath. With the help of Huan, a werewolf of Celegorm and Curufin, they were reunited after Beren left for Angband. There Huan fought Sauron, the most powerful of Morgorth's servants. Sauron escaped from Huan as a vampire into Taur- nu- Fuin. The thralls were freed and they found Beren in a dark deep pit. Eventually Beren meets up with Morgorth and obtains a Silmaril, but gets his hand cut off. Beren dies by a werewolf, called Carcharoth. Luthien gives up her immortality to bring back Beren and to live with him in Middle- earth.

After the Fifth Battle called Nirnaeth Arnoediad, Doriath and Gondolin both fell by ruin of Morgorth. The Silmarils were lost forever, one cast into the fiery inner earth, and the other into the depths of the sea. The third stays in the sky by Earendil, who loved Elwing.

The last war called the War of Wrath, was the greatest war of all. It was not just between the Noldor and Morgorth, but the Valar, Elves, Dwarves and Men too. The Valar were victorious, and destroyed were the Balrogs and Orcs, few of which survived to the later years of Middle- earth. Angband was finally destroyed.

Morgorth was thrust through the Door of the Night into the Timeless Void. A guard was forever set upon those doors, yet the deeds of Morgorth remain visible. In the hearts of Elves and Men lies the power of terror and hate. That power is said to bear dark fruit until the end of days.

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Fences Research Paper

2011-12-27T14:50:00.000-08:00

Fences Research Paper

There are many things in life that are hard to explain within themselves, which is why people often use metaphors to expand on their speech. Whether it is a poet comparing their love to a rose or a woman comparing a man to a dog, almost everyone uses metaphors in their everyday language. Many good examples of metaphors in everyday writing are found in August Wilson's play, Fences. In this play there are also many ways that the characters use "fences" as both figurative and literal terms. All these forms of writing really expand on the story and help people to understand the characters much better.

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In the play Fences the biggest thing that is used as a metaphor, mostly by the main character Troy, who used to play for the Negro Leagues. Troy is a man that has been in trouble in the past and gone to jail, but is a simple character that is relatively old fashioned. He uses baseball to relate to a lot of things because he is certain about his knowledge of the sport, and therefore feels confident about what he says. The first time he used baseball as a metaphor he was talking about death, and used it to better explain himself.

"Death ain't nothing. I done seen him. Done wrastled with him. You can't tell me nothing about death. And you know what I'll do to that! Lookee here, Bono am I lying? You get one of them fastballs, about waist high, over the outside corner of the plate where you can get the meat of the bat on it and good god! You can kiss it goodbye. Now, am I lying?" (Pg 10)

Troy uses baseball as a metaphor in this paragraph to show that he is not scared of death, and that if it came for him "you can kiss it goodbye." This shows that he is a very courageous man, and that he is unflinching to death.

He also uses baseball as a metaphor with his kids, in a way of warning them। When his son Cory did something wrong he told him,"I'm gonna tell you what your mistake was see you swung at the ball and didn't hit it. That's strike one. Don't you strike out!" (pg 58)

Troy talks this way because it is the only way how, and takes it to the extent of raising his kids with it. This shows that if you do something enough, like play baseball, it becomes a part of your everyday speech and life, like Troy. He does this again later in the book when he tells Cory, "Alright. That's strike two. You stay away from around me, boy. Don't you strike out. You living with a full count. Don't you strike out."(pg 72) He really came accustomed to using baseball language and therefore started using it for everything, which shows in the way he talks.

The last time Troy used baseball as a metaphor was when he was having a conversation with his wife Rose and was talking about his life.

"Maybe I come into the world backwards, I don't know. But you born with two strikes on you before you come to the plate. You got to guard it closely always looking for the curve-ball on the inside corner. You can't afford to let none get past you. You can't afford a call strike. If you going down you going down swinging. Everything lined up against you. What you gonna do. I fooled them, Rose. I bunted. When I found you and Cory and a halfway decent job I was safe." (pg 69-70)

Troy was a simple man and didn't have many ways to explain himself, so he used baseball, something that he knew. He was basically saying that he was born with the world already against it and didn't want to go out without a fight, so he took his chances and swung for the fences.

In this play fences are used as well, both figuratively and literally। This was used as an agent to give deeper meaning to the play, and make the reader think more about the statements। The first time it came up when Cory asked his dad why Rose even wanted them to build a fence anyway. Bono, Troys best friend, responded by saying,"Some people build fences to keep people out and other people build fences to keep people in. Rose wants to hold on to you all. She loves you." (pg 61)

Bono said this to explain that Fences are not only built to keep bad people out, but also to keep the good people you love in। Troy talks about using the fence to keep bad things out later in the play when he says,"Alright Mr. Death. See now I'm gonna tell you what I'm gonna do. I'm gonna take and build me a fence around this yard. See? I'm gonna build me a fence around what belongs to me. And then I want you to stay on the other side. See? You stay over there until you're ready for me. Then you come on. Bring your army. Bring your sickle. Bring your wrestling clothes." (Pg 77)

Troy was obviously very enraged at this point, and he wanted to build the fence to keep "death" out of what he owned. This shows character of Troy in a whole new perspective, because he doesn't use baseball as a way to threaten death, but still uses the idea of the fence.

The play Fences really shows the talent of August Wilson because of all the deep meanings he put in. It is also obvious that a lot of time was taken into creating the characters, because they are all different in many ways, and their personalities are shown through what they say. August Wilson used the ideas of fences and baseball to really expand the story and make it more three dimensional, which made it much more interesting.

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A Thousand Acres Research Paper

2011-12-27T03:28:00.000-08:00

A Thousand Acres Research Paper

The book A Thousand Acres, by Jane Smiley, is characterized by Ginny's growing conflict with her father, Larry. Their conflict comes from the characters needs for control. Ginny realizes that she has had no control over her life and Larry loses control of his life and tries to get it back.

In Larry's ambition to buy all of the land adjacent to his farm he also acquirers a yearning to have complete ownership over everything on the farm. This, of course, includes Ginny and Rose. Larry shows his ownership of Ginny not only by committing incest, but also by controlling her life. She never leaves the farm or goes to college, and she marries a man because he is a good farmer and gets along with Larry. Ginny does not discover that this is the life her father wants and not the life she wants for herself until she has lived this life for many years.

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Ginny may not have known consciously that this was not the life she wanted, but she certainly was not satisfied with it. She is not as excited about farm life as her father, Ty, or Pete. When it is her chance to own the farm and experiment with new ideas, like the hogs, she is more worried than excited. Ginny does not enjoy being a farm wife but she was raised knowing that she would one day have a life just like her mothers, always serving others and never herself. She lives to make her family happy and they rarely show appreciation. Larry sees Ginny's attentiveness as a threat to his independence. It takes the chaos of the farm switching hands and an affair with Jess, who has enough distance from the farm to see what is really happening, for her to realize how much she resents that being used by her family.

Ginny is not the only character whose offering is unappreciated. Larry's children cannot understand why he would give up the one thing he lives for, the farm. Larry owns one thousand acres, a large amount of farmland for one family. The work of his life has been to build an empire - complete, efficient, debt-free - and pass it on for his offspring to treasure and maintain. The farm could have continued to provide for his family for many generations. However, as soon as Larry passes the farm on to his daughters and sons-in-law they gamble it on new ideas and techniques with which Larry is not comfortable. What the younger generation sees as a way to take huge steps forward in the farming business, Larry sees as folly and waste.

When Larry gives his farm up to his children he needs to see that he still has control over his family. He tests this by taking long drives without telling anywhere where he is going and by buying furniture he does not need. What Larry finds is that he still has a large amount of control over his family's emotions. However, because of her father's age and drastic behavior, Ginny feels she must exert some authority and take his car keys. Larry sees this as the ultimate loss of control over his life. This is what pushes him off the deep end.

Both Ginny and Larry give the best gifts that they can present to their family, Larry his farm and Ginny her life, only to see their gifts being abused and taken for granted. Larry decides that his family is not fit to run the farm. Ginny realizes that she must start to take her life back. However, they are both gifts that are not easily taken back. As Ginny is just beginning to realize that Larry is not the man she thought he was, Rose uncovers her the rude awakening of their father raping them as children. This shows Ginny just how much her life has been for her father.

The lawsuit over the farm represents both Larry and Ginny trying to win back the control they had given up. It is where the two characters needs come into contrast. Larry cannot have his ideal future unless Ginny continues to play the part of the submissive housewife. Ginny recognizes that the life she has been living isn't enough for her any more. In the end Ginny proves she is stronger than her father. He dies on the edge of insanity while Ginny starts a new life where she has control.

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Make My PowerPoint Presentation for Me

2011-12-26T14:12:00.000-08:00

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If you take active part at a conference or a business meeting, it will be reasonable to report with the help of Power Point presentation. It seems to be an easy task, but most PowerPoint presentations are so boring that they spoil the effect of your whole report. For example, most people use basic backgrounds which are not interesting and you lose your audience as the unskillfully made PowerPoint presentation can not catch attention of the audience. Then, many presenters introduce awful sound effects in their PowerPoint presentations as they think that it will make the process dynamic. And the last but not the least is the overuse of animation. It goes without saying that flying and disappearing words and sentences look a bit old fashioned. If you want to have a success while presenting your report, try to find professional PowerPoint presentation makers.

Who Can Make My Presentation for Me?

You can ask for help nearly everybody who can work with a PC, but the quality of such a presentation will be not higher than of an average cheap presentation. There are lots of self taught programmers who will help you with your PowerPoint presentation for money. Unfortunately, there work will not differ greatly from a self done presentation as they can only format or arrange the presentation according to their taste. In this case you will surely be dissatisfied with the colour, the background and the type of print. It is not reasonable to pay money for a second rate presentation of a dubious quality.

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Effective Papers agency differs greatly from the rest ones, because it provides you with quality PowerPoint presentations. We not only format the presentation, but check it and may correct it according to the subject if you wish. Our PowerPoint presentation makers deal not only with PC stuff but come from various disciplines. We can provide you with PowerPoint presentations for different occasions, including business, marketing, economy, school and university subjects. Effective Papers hires only experienced writers who know how to make a good PowerPoint presentation.

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Christopher Pike Research Paper

2011-12-26T02:22:00.000-08:00

Christopher Pike Research Paper

The story begins in present day LA during the last few days of FBI agent David Conner's career. At age 39 Conner A 15-year veteran of the FBI is retiring for good after the murder of his girlfriend and the accidental death of the young girl David was sent to rescue on his last assignment. David believes that he indirectly caused both of their deaths and because of this he has lost his faith in Truth, Justice and the American way, unlike his good friend and boss Ned Calendar who at the age of 70 is also about to retire. Ned gives David one last assignment which he insists only he can handle, and after a short briefing and much deliberation, David is on a plane to Boise Idaho to investigate a Channeling group headed by Anthropologist Dr. Spear, a strange man with a mysterious past.

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Channeling is a new age term, which is basically going into hypnosis and allowing entities to speak through you. David is curious as to why the FBI would be concerned with such matters and Ned reluctantly informs him that the FBI had come across some memoirs that spear wrote in which he talks about an entity that the group channeled. This entity which calls itself the Big Mind described certain classified information within the government and when the FBI checked it out they found that the Big Mind's information was correct. They are concerned about how much the Big Mind knows so they want to sent an agent undercover as a reporter to investigate the group on their retreat. When David arrives in Boise the first members he meet are identical twins, Vera and Lucy. Lucy had discovered her talent a year ago when she was working as a massage therapist during her senior year in Stanford. She often used Applied Kinesiology or locking of the muscles to learn things about her clients, eventually she realized she didn't need to use AK to learn things about people, that the answers just popped into her head. She also discovered that when Vera was present she was much more accurate. After attending one of Spears lectures she told him about her talent and he immediately recruited her and Vera into his group. Dr. Spear himself does not participate in the channeling. The next person David meets is Margaret Farrow.

Margaret a paraplegic has no special talent and does not participate in the mutual hypnosis but has been with Spear since the beginning. There's Dr. henry Deering a nuerophysiologist who also has no special talents but he has been studying the group for the past year, next is Panda Gopal a young Indian man who had a dream about Spear and searched him out, Panda is the leader of the channeling group. There is Tom Forester who as a long distance truck driver and aspiring country singer used tape himself singing as he drove cross country only one time he went into a trance while driving and accidentally channeled a being. He heard himself speaking in a different language when he played the tape. The last member of the group is Jon Horst a Swedish Arnold Schwarzenegger wannabe who's ability to bend silver wear with his mind earned him a place in the channeling group. While talking with the group members David learns that Dr. Spear hasn't informed any of the group members about where he learned the technique of mutual hypnosis. Until 12 years ago Spear was a respected anthropologist. However he soon developed a fascination with the Dogon people of Mali descendants of the Egyptians. Spear, his wife, her sister, and a colleague went to Mali to study the ancient tribe. It was the Dogon's knowledge of astronomy that caught Spear's attention-apparently the Dogon knew things about The Sirius Star system to be specific that modern astronomers are only now discovering. The only thing that David and the FBI know about Spear's trip is that Mrs. Spear never returned home and her sister returned insane and now resides in a sanitarium. The remaining members of the group said that an animal killed Mrs. Spear. David does not tell the other group members about this. He soon earns the trust of the group with the exception of Spear and the affection of Lucy. While David continues his investigations Ned visits Carl Buckley- the colleague of Spear's that was with him in Africa. He doesn't get much out of Buckley but he does warn Ned to stay away from Frances Cumberly- Mrs. Spear's sister. Ned goes to see Frances, which is for lack of a good explanation an interesting experience. Ned normally a conservative thinker is now convinced that Francis Cumberly is a supernatural being. He returns to Buckley and confesses his thoughts about Frances, he convinces Buckley to tell him the truth about Africa. What really happened was Spear tricked a Dogon priestess to teach him the secrets of mutual hypnosis, he used his wife and her twin sister and experimented with a forbidden form of hypnosis. Something went wrong, penny was knocked unconscious but kept alive, and Frances was possessed by some entity. Spear apparently killed his own wife to break the strength of Frances. Ned instantly makes the connection of identical twins and calls David to warn him of the possible danger. David who has fallen in love with Lucy tells her that he needs to get her away from Spear. He does not tell her about Africa but in order to convince her to leave he does tell her a little about the identical twin hypnosis. While he is preparing to leave Lucy sneaks away with Vera to experiment with this new form of hypnosis. As in Africa one is knocked unconscious and the other is possessed. Ned has been trying to contact David but with no response. In fear for his friend he boards a plane to Boise. Vera kills Jon. The group finds Lucy with a brain hemorrhage and they all move into the church because there is no way off of the mountain and no one around for hundreds of miles. Vera enters the church with Ned. Spear tries to kill Lucy but Vera kills him. Vera locks the remaining group members in the basement except for Ned. David kills Lucy and Vera comes down to the basement to stop him but is too late and she dies. David discovers that Margaret is actually the Big Mind and she asks him what he wants. David says he wants Lucy and Margaret brings the sister who was possessed back to life we then find out that it was Lucy and not Vera who was possessed.

Protagonist vs. Antagonist:
The Protagonist in this story is obviously FBI agent David Conner. A poor broken man who in the end regains his faith in life. The Antagonist in this story is more difficult to Identify. It could be Dr. Spear who lost his wife and sister in-law because of his reckless curiosity and was about to do the same with Lucy and Vera. Although he has bad qualities Spear did make sacrifices and did have redeeming qualities. The next antagonist would be the entities that possessed Lucy and Francis, it was actually an ancient race that millions of years ago was extinct, and Dr. Spears Genetic regression which is having a person regress through their genetic chain all the way back past humans and dinosaurs. The race can only re-enter the world through a genetic mirror or identical twins. I would say that the Antagonist is these entities.

Theme:
The theme or general idea is that people can either move forward in time or backward. Spear concentrated on the past Margaret on the future, the author was trying to say not to dwell on the past as David Conner was-his girlfriend Sandy Quin and Angela Wilson were dead and in the past and Lucy was his future. The Big Mind had told David when they first talked that a wave was coming to take him to shore to bring him back, in the end that wave ended up being Lucy.

Personal Insights:
I was actually very surprised by Pike's book. Usually I wouldn't recommend his work to anyone who wasn't well versed in eastern mythology, which has become a repetitious wall for Pike. This book which is deeply rooted in Egyptian, African, and to a lesser extent eastern mythology is well written, unique, and a refreshing change. This book like most of Christopher Pike's Novels seems to have an outrageous plot but it so well written I just don't care. One thing that really surprised me about this book was how accurate the information was. After reading it I researched some of the information and found it almost scary that the facts included in the book were true. The mixture of fact and fiction is very interesting and deeply effective and if you have an open mind the theme of the story sends a powerful message.

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Research Paper on Jean Valjean

2011-12-25T04:00:00.000-08:00

Research Paper on Jean Valjean

The book Les Miserables star character, Jean Valjean, is very unique, ideal person. The way he views his surroundings and the way he goes about living is very indescribably different than any of the characters in this book. The world he lives in is a very strict and harsh one, but he still finds a way to survive it all very sufficiently. He gives himself rules and ways to abide with, he falls in and out of loving life, and he is very strong and has the will to fight for what he feels is right. Jean Valjean lives his own life, the one he wants to lead and live and he lets nothing get in the way of that. Even though this character seems unrealistic in a lot of ways, he is realistic to me. Anything can be possible in life.

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People come and go in Jean Valjeans life forming him more and more into this great person. The first time this happened was when he was let out of prison on the street after nineteen years. Jean Valjean went from place to place trying to find a place to stay and eat. He was turned away of every place he went to. After this he became hardened; there was nothing left good in the world, it was the world against him. He then found himself at a bishop's home. Where he stayed, then he stole the bishops silver, left and then got caught. When the police brought him back to the bishop, the bishop tells them that he gave Jean Valjean the silver. The bishop then tells Jean Valjean this, "Jean Valjean, my brother: you belong no longer to evil, but to good. It is your soul that I am buying for you" (39). With this, he left and promised to become an honest man with the silver the bishop gave him. This helped open his eyes and become less of a hardened person.

There are not very many people in this world that are like Jean Valjean. He stands out on his own, he is strong. The things that he has been through have shaped who he is. When people go through hard times it opens their eyes and makes them more aware of what life is and what u have to go through to become the person you want to be in life. The author Victor Hugo depicts this very well in this book with Jean Valjean. When he is out of the prison, he is still hated upon and torn after. Just because he stole food for his family, that he didn't have enough money for, so they wouldn't starve. He is looked at as a convict and someone who is evil. Jean Valjean didn't deserve this label one bit at all. He was doing a good deed and he didn't deserve what he got. To go through a day-to-day basis of being hated or being under a disguise that you did not deserve would be hard. Jean Valjean is a strong person for still living his life the best he can. There should be more people like him.

A person like Jean Valjean is very unpredictable. He could hate the world one day and hate everyone in it; but the next he could love life and want to be with Cosette forever. I guess that's just life, going through hard times and then finding a joy to life. He has been very strong through all the ruff times and kept going on no madder what happened to him. I find this quality very hard to find in a lot of my friends and family. I can be at times their backbone; someone to go to when they need help, advise, or insight. I try to be there for everyone I can. There should be more people in this world that can hold their own like Jean Valjean.

Jean Valjean has gone in and out of some ruff times. He is a realistic character in a sense that life can be limitless to thoughs who run after it. Most people float through life, feeling sorry for themselves and trying to be like everyone else, not living the way their heart tells them to. There are a few people that are alike Jean Valjean in this world. It is excruciatingly rare to find thoughs people who will not let anything get in the way of living, because it is so hard in its self to be like that. You would have to be a very tuff person. Jean Valjean is a very tuff person. Everything that he has gone through and everything that has been blocking him to live a happy life, he has concurred. He shows that anything is possible in life if you try hard enough.

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Best Case Study Writers

2011-12-21T11:59:00.000-08:00

The Best Case Study Writers

While studying at university students learn mostly theoretical material, that is why when they are asked to do some practical tasks the face many problems as they do not know how to cope with this or that thing. One of the most popular and important practical papers at every university is a case study work. The paper is important, because you should illustrate what you have learnt during your theoretical course. A case study work requires much time and efforts that is why most students hate it as they realize they have to sacrifice their free time on it. Besides, except of vast amount of work students have to format the work correctly, introduce citations. As you see a case study work requires much efforts, time and deep knowledge of the subject.

Where Can I Find Good Case Study Writers?

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Research Paper on David Sedaris

2011-12-17T14:49:00.000-08:00

Research Paper on David Sedaris

Once, you could've called him to clean your house and sometimes, you still can. First discovered by Ira Glass of NPR, David Sedaris has become a sort of "minor phenomenon" (Marchese). Renowned for his humor and identified by his style, he has had his works featured on "Morning Edition" of NPR, written for numerous publications, and multiple offers as a television writer. Despite these achievements, his greatest work lies within his books. These collections of his essays, uncut and uncensored, reveal David Sedaris as much more than a diligent housemaid.

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Sedaris possesses blatant, shameless honesty. He doesn't water-down his pieces in order to appease an audience nor to achieve political correctness. He says what he wants, as long as there exists good reason to include it. Oftentimes, this tactic manifests itself in his choice of vocabulary, his generous use of lively words. For example, in reference to his unique work experience as Santa's helper, he describes the costumed worker of another marketing ploy as a "son of a bitch," while his own position made him "look stupid" (Sedaris, SantaLand). The Jenny Jones makeovers "are shows in which gruesome teenagers are forced into a variety of dull, conservative outfits. Following their transformations, the girls appear looking like disgruntled housecats" (Sedaris, Confessions). This does not limit itself to the usage inappropriate language. Sometimes, his dialogues exemplifies this characteristic of his writing:

"Here I am with a 130 IQ, and they've got me sweeping up sawdust. A 130! I'm serious, man. I've been tested.In case you didn't know, that's genius level."
"Congratulations."
"With a mind like mine, I could be doing something, you know what I mean?"
"Absolutely."
"A 60 could do what I'm doing. That leaves me with 70 extra IQ points sitting around in my head doing nothing."
"They must be bored" (Sedaris, A Smart Guy).

His dialogue is lively, simply by the realistic quality in his words. One can easily imagine such a dialogue between two everyday people, and Sedaris, as usual, speaks nothing less than honesty. He never strays from the usage of this type of realistic dialogue.

His shameless honestly is also easily recognized in situational contexts. As he fought his learned addiction to television, Sedaris creates humor in his suffering by raising it to the level of severity as alcoholism. "[His] withdrawal was not easy," and "there were days when [he] would have done anything just to watch a single Huggies commercial, yet [he] held fast and sweated it out" (Confessions). As Sedaris recounted his IQ testing, "a series of recent events" reassured him that his performance would outdo the performance of his base comparison. Yes, he was wrong, but that situation alone elicits no emotion as it was simply predictable. The degree in the fallacy of his assurance produced the humor. Or, as Sedaris describes the situational setting of his elfish workplace:

It's beautiful, a real wonderland with 10,000 sparkling lights, false snow, train sets, bridges, decorated trees, mechanical penguins and bears, and really tall candy canes. One enters and travels through a maze, a path which takes you from one festive environment to another. The path ends at the Magic Tree. Once you pass the Magic Tree, the light dims and an elf guides you to Santa's house. The houses are cozy and intimate, laden with toys. You exit Santa's house and are met with a line of cash registers (SantaLand).

A magical paradise tarnished by a price tag, this kind of sudden burst of honest reality is often incorporated at precise instances to snap the reader back into the realization that your mind is directed by David Sedaris.

As a writer of experience, Sedaris composes all his works to encircle the recurrent topic of "I." "Life was good for the first forty-one years. Then I took an IQ test" (A Smart Guy). "Years ago, while living in Chicago, I took a job stripping woodwork with a fellow named Harry" (Confessions). "I was in a coffee shop looking through the want ads when I read" (SantaLand). This theme is not placed sparsely throughout, but instead is spread thickly throughout his works. As Sedaris composes his essays, he utilizes a highly effective and well-implemented structure. Ironically, this is the lack of structure. For instance, he begins "Confessions of a Daytime Television Addict" with a short description of the procession of events that led to his addiction and the pleasure which he describes as "intoxicating" (Confessions). Next, an equally short description of the uneasy withdrawal process is provided. The rest of the essay is about the Jerry Springer Show. He shows his emerging curiosity testing his resolve. He continues to proceed to illustrate the "epic" cursing, the "compelling" themes, and the "tribal" audience. Finally, he concludes the work with his experience with Judge Judy. Sedaris only succumbs to the structure imposed by the necessity of chronology.

David Sedaris writes to entertain. He doesn't write to inform; he doesn't write to express an opinion; he doesn't even write to share his personal anecdotes. All of these are merely to encase the humor into a coherent and liquid entity. Why exactly is David Sedaris so amusing? Because, he's fearless. He has a fearless attitude in his opinions and towards the truth. He says what he thinks and nothing less. David Sedaris is one of the most observant and pithy writers in the world today. His essays move from squeamishness over the emotional violence in each scene to laugh-out-loud hysterics in the absurdity of any given situation. This ability, the ability to sense the hint of humor however so slight in any situation, gives him the power to entertain. His humor is not aimed at a specific crowd, just the general crowd. And I, as an exemplary member of the general crowd, will testify to this genuinely laugh-out-loud quality of his creations.

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Term Paper on Generation X and Y

2011-12-17T03:06:00.000-08:00

Term Paper on Generation X and Y

A people grow older, and their kids grow up, with them becomes new ideas, hopes, dreams, motives, norms, and many other things that are recognized by adults as a change in society. It seams that the adults forget that back when they were my age, most of them were doing drugs, talking about freedoms, and listening to bands like The Doors, CCR, and Jimi Hendrix. They also tend to forget that they set, or at least set in motion, some of the norms and standards that my generation is bringing back. Long hair, Chuck Taylors, and the 60's and 70's music are almost just as big of part of my generation as it was to theirs. But when looking at generations, you have to dig deeper into the people and not so deep in their closets. I mean, look within them, not at them. Lets take a look at the people born in the 60's and 70's compared to the people born in the 80's and 90's, or better yet, Generation X, and Generation Y.

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The term Generation X was created by an under 30 year old writer by the name of Douglas Coupland. (Christian, 1139) He titled one of the chapters in his book, "Generation X", but wanted the press, public, and anyone else who read the book to know that "...he is not a target...". Now, one of the biggest, or what seems to be one of the biggest differances between Generation X and Generation Y is the work place. Bruce Tulgan, author of Managing Generation X; How to Bring Out the Best in young Talent, says that "Generation Y is Generation X on fastforward, with self-esteem." (Lovern, 28)

Most people think that Generation Xers are slackers, and are not very motivated.
Since they began arriving in healthcare facilities and other industries in the early 1990's, Gen Xers have turned the workplace upside down. Their urgency and an inherent sense of alienation having grown up in the midst of a stumbling economy and mounting divorce ratele to a clash with the corporate status quo. (Lovern, 28)

Despite early predictions that they would be lazy and uninspired, just the opposite has proved true. Gen Xers wanted it all, and they wanted it right away. They possess a new set of skills that fits the needs of the new economy-techno-literate, quick to move to results with minimal instruction, able to think with a fresh creativity-but with a perceived aloofness that tends to rub the older crowd in the wrong way. (Lovern, 28)

Also Generation Xers are understanding that even though most of their parents were with the same business for 40 years or so, that they have other opportunities, choices, and other chances, and that it is ok to venture out and "Аchange the norm."

Generationg Xers have little expectation of spending their entire careers with one organization or even in one industry. "It is not because I don't have loyalty to the company," says Ellis Hawkins, 30, manager of radiation oncology at SSM's DePaul Health Center in St. Louis. "It is because things change so rapidly, opportunities come up so rapidly, if you pass on those opportunities you do both yourself and you employer a disservice." (Lovern, 30)

There is no doubt that the generations have changed. One thing is for sure, no matter how old someone gets, or how long they live, there will always be generations. Some of the traits of Generation X and Y a person would want there children to have. The fact of the matter is that they need to be around them. Generation X and Y is doing very well in the business side of life, and will continue. The only that that is left now, is wondering what the next generation will be like.

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Research Paper on Carousel

2011-12-16T14:46:00.001-08:00

Research Paper on Carousel

There are two different sections in the poem, both depicting the different stages in the author's life and the ups and downs of her life. Like a carousel which goes up and down, the author is facing many different stages in her life which brings about many different emotions. In the first stanza, the author is seen to be enjoying herself while on the carousel with her father. The author is seen to be given a sense of security while her father is with her on the carousel. The fragile music in stark contrast to the warmth showered upon her by her parent is clearly seen. Music which supposed to stir emotions and make one feel lighthearted and carefree, but in the poem it is seen as fragile.

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This emphasizes on the serenity brought about by her father's presence while she was on the carousel. This paints a pretty picture of which both father and daughter are both bonding and are enjoying many golden moments. Contrast is also seen when the author uses the words "sweep" and "fall". In the poem, it is said that she feels her father's arms around her in a heavy sweep of closeness, taking me up on notes which fall. Again, this is a clear example of the ups and downs of one's life, just as how the carousel would symbolize. In this circumstance, it shows her father guiding her through life's difficulties as in the fragile notes which fall. The fragile notes may symbolize the difficult times in the author's life, however, her father would be there to be the light at the end of her tunnel. The roundness of the eggs described in line 5 of the poem symbolizes the circle of life. In comparison to the carousel which is also circular in shape. The circular shapes also go hand in hand with the circular motion of the carousel. Giving deeper emphasis on the fact that the carousel represents our life. To sum up, we can see that the author relishes the different moments of life with her father, when he was still around.

The second portion of the poem states the second half of the author's life. In the poem, the author states that her father has fallen off the garish horse. The horse in the poem refers to the author's standing in life. With her father falling off the horse, it symbolizes that her father is no longer part of her life anymore. It has been 25 years as stated in the poem, since her father has left, and not many memories linger in her mind. She does not remember the love showered upon her while her father was still with her and only remembered the last few moments here father was with her, which was him seen in pyjamas, waving to her from the ward. The ward is the final resting place for her father. Now the author has to fend for herself in the harshness of her world. Her hands have turned brown and thin from trying to control her life but she is slipping for her father is no longer around to protect her from falling. In the later part of the second stanza, the poem shows that her brother had almost choked on a Lifesaver until a male nurse had come and save him. On the other hand, her father had passed away. From the incident we can deduce that the author is trying to say that the old has to make way for the young, as when the older generation leaves, the young has to come and take its place.

Moving on to the third stanza, we can see that the affection for her father has died down and her mother is unable to give the same amount of affection her father had given her when she was young. The fire represents her father's passion, but unfortunately, her mother is unable to rekindle the flame in the author. The author craves nothing more than the love of her father. This shows that the author misses her father and wishes for the times of old to return.

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Term Paper on Plato

2011-12-16T02:54:00.000-08:00

Term Paper on Plato

"Well, they're hard put to it for words to describe what they do with laughable results, sometimes. All this squaring, extending and adding. They're full of utterances of that kind. Everything they say is in terms of doing things, and practical applications, whereas the truth, I take it, is that this is a subject which is pursued entirely for knowledge's sake." (Plato, 527b)

Socrates belief that geometry is a genre that is only studied for the sake of knowledge is one that most certainly does not apply to the world today, and not to the world of Ancient Greece either. Socrates, as described in Plato's Allegory of the Cave finds that mathematics is a very philosophical pursuit because it's aim is truth and knowledge, not practical applications. It is a flawed view. Mathematics, and especially geometry, are key elements of many aspects of the world. Geometry is studied largely for its practical applications for the simple reason that the human race is inherently pragmatic. Most people are unconcerned with knowledge for knowledge's sake. They are looking to get something more out of it.

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Whether it be studying history to know and avoid the mistakes of the past, studying a foreign language to better be able to communicate cross-culturally, or studying geometry to design buildings that won't topple, every genre of study must have a practical application in order for it to be justified by the majority of the population. Geometry finds an obvious practical application in the fields of engineering, surveying, navigation, architecture, aviation, even in car racing. Engineering uses geometry to design things efficiently, even a tool so basic as the wheel is based in geometry. Surveying uses it to accurately measure distances and areas that cannot be measured conventionally. Navigation is one of the studies that was also important in the world of Ancient Greece. Sailors in that time period would have been absolutely unable to accurately reach their destinations without some geometrical knowledge. Knowing how to aim their ship with precision over long sea voyages required geometrical knowledge and astronomical knowledge to plot their course based on the stars. And more geometry was needed to get their ship to sail in that direction no matter the direction of the wind. Architecture uses geometry to design buildings that are structurally sound, and to maximize interior space while keeping the building interesting to look at. Aviation uses geometry in designing aircraft, navigating them, and maneuvering them safely. Even auto racing uses it to plot the fastest course around the track. In short, geometry plays such a basic role in our everyday life that the amount and variance of ways it can be used are nearly endless.

Geometry, to be sure, can be studied solely for knowledge. Philosophically the subject may be an excellent one to examine without consideration of its practical applications. It is a subject of interest to Socrates because, "it is indeed something that draws the soul towards truth." (Plato, 527b) Geometry and indeed mathematics in general are a perfect field for the study of truth because they are not at all subjective. The three angles in a triangle are, always have, and always will add up to 180 degrees. While Socrates contends that this is geometry's main purpose, the majority of the world contends that its use is far more applicable to more practical pursuits.

Simply because philosophers may be interested in the field for a tool to better understand "the truth" doesn't necessarily mean that geometry can't be used in other ways nor that those ways aren't its primary application. Geometry, in contrary to Socrates ideals, is primarily a pragmatic study. While in the world of philosophy geometry may be only "pursued for knowledge's sake" that is a very untrue view based upon the interests of the rest of the world.

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Research Paper on Celtic Culture

2011-12-15T14:24:00.000-08:00

Research Paper on Celtic Culture

When most people think of the Celtic culture, they see images of the druids performing magic, old castles, and gorgeous, lush green, rolling hills. Well, these things are a part of the Celtic culture, but there is so much more depth to the Celts, most of which is unknown, but in this paper what is known, will be uncovered.

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The Celts were a dramatic and romantic society. The reason that so little is known about them is because they were a non-literate culture. The only things that were recorded about them were by classical authors. These authors recorded things about them by hearing of their legends, myths, traditions, etc. Since they were non-literate, only oral tradition preserved their history and culture. The Celts had a love for beautiful things. So they honored beauty of people, nature, and the arts. They considered vanity normal and admirable, which represented a proper sense of self-worth. This belief is much different than what we believe today, but this doesn't mean that the Celts were a vain and greedy society. They strongly praised generosity and selflessness. To give open-handedly was the mark of a true hero or heroine. The Celts impressed the Greeks and Romans with their bold dress and powerful appearance. Generally characterized by classical authors as a people with fair hair, of red or gold, and fair complexions, (although the people of the British Isles were described as small and dark-haired) most Celtic women apparently stood taller than the average Roman citizen. Celtic women, upon reaching maturity, adopted a complex braided style for their hair, and wore dyed and embroidered dresses. Plaids, or wrapped woven cloaks, were common for men and women alike, and gold and silver torques and arm rills, as well as rings, adorned wealthy Celts. Brooches that held closed the openings of dresses and plaids were another common feature of Celtic dress. Gaelic men commonly spiked their hair and bleached it to an almost white color with chalky water, and wore their beards long, while the Bretons and Picts tattooed their arms and faces with blue. Many Danish and English bogs have shown archeological evidence of cloth and dress, and Roman historians such as Tacitus also document some of the customs of everyday Celtic life. These things show that the Celts were a society that was very sophisticated.

The Celts occupied land in modern day Eastern Europe, Greece, Spain, Northern Italy, Western Europe, England, Wales, Scotland and Ireland. They occupied these lands mostly from 400 to 200 B.C. Since this was such a large area of land, they spoke different languages. North of the Alps and Pyrenees was the area known as Celtica. In this area they spoke Gaulish. In Spain, Celtiberian was spoken. British and Pictish was spoken in Britain. In Ireland, Western Scotland, and the Isle of Man they spoke Gaelic.

The Celtic people lived very healthy lives, considering the time period that they lived in. In the time that the Celts were living, they had a long lifespan. Most Celts lived to be about 40 years old. This was considered a long lifetime back then. One probable reason of this was that the Celts learned to extract salt from the earth in about 1000 B.C. This enabled them to preserve meat and fish, which kept them healthy all year round. Along coastal areas the Celts were sailors, fishermen, and traders. Inland, they were farmers and miners.

Celtic people were usually polytheistic and they believed in many gods and goddesses. They practiced a religion that is similar to modern day Wicca. Their religion honored a mother goddess and a father god. They believed that the mother goddess and father god created the other gods and goddesses and also created the Celtic people. A basic tenet in the Celtic religion was, an harm none, do what ye will. This means to not harm anything, but do what you want to. The Celts religion was based upon magic and worshiping the earth. In the Celtic religion, women were of equal or greater importance than men.

By now, if you read closely, you know that the Celts were a very interesting culture. I think that when you will imagine the Celts, you see a more detailed representation of the Celtic culture. So now, the old castles, lush green, rolling hills, and druids performing magic, seem more detailed and intricate than they were before. So now when you think of the Celts, what do you think of?

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Personal Strengths and Weaknesses Term Paper

2011-12-15T03:09:00.000-08:00

Personal Strengths and Weaknesses Term Paper

Individual strengths and weaknesses can ultimately change a person's destiny. They can cause a person to perform in unique ways. My personal strengths are determination and pride, and my weakness is eagerness. Each of these traits influences my life on a daily basis. Every person has strengths and weaknesses, how they choose to use them is what truly matters.

First, determination is what drives a person to succeed in life. Without determination there is no driving force to push a person to accomplish their goals. In life, I must be determined to get the job done. As I work towards my goals I strive to do my best. If I fail to accomplish a goal, I will start over again. In order to succeed, I must apply hard work and dedication to everything I do. I will always be a determined individual.

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Secondly, pride makes people believe in themselves. It pushes them to reach for the stars and far beyond. Pride increases motivation and confidence, thus creating a sense of godliness. I find pride to be my greatest strength; it makes me believe I can accomplish anything. I look past all limitations and boundaries, and turn them into mere obstacles. Pride provides me with a sense of comfort that allows me to be confident in every aspect. I will always be a proud individual.

Finally, my weakness is eagerness. Eagerness causes a person to make rash decisions, which in turn causes regret. Eagerness causes me to make spontaneous decisions and act in unforeseen ways. I act upon what I believe, rather than acting on what I know.

I rush into situations without researching my decisions, and as a result I regret my choice. In time I will change this weakness.

In conclusion, my strengths are determination and pride, and my weakness is eagerness. I must be determined and proud of what I do. I must work with my heart and soul to reach for the stars. With time I will conquer many obstacles, and overcome my eagerness. I will always be a proud and determined individual. I know I will be great, because in my heart I know I will succeed.

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Research Paper on Michael Tippett

2011-12-14T14:47:00.000-08:00

Research Paper on Michael Tippett

Michael Tippett was born in a London Nursing home on the 2nd of January 1905; but in the same year his parents moved from Eastcote to the small Suffolk village of Wethrden, not far from Stowmarket, and it was there that he spent the formative years of his boyhood.

In 1922 when he was seventeen, Tippett went with a school party to his first symphony concert. It was at the De Montfort Hall in Leicester, and the conductor was an old Stamfordian, Malcom Sargent. The program included Ravel's Mother Goose Suite, then still quite new. This concert made an overwhelming impression. It was at that point that Tippett decided that he was going to be a composer. He then ventured to teach himself until he convinced his parents to let him go to the Royal College of Music. There he studied composition, first under Charles Wood, who made a remarkable impact on him by introducing him to Bethoven. His years at College were a great period of learning; but he benifited less from the formal instruction he got from his teachers than from suddenly being exposed to so much that was new to him.

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Tppett was very taken with Beethoven and threw himself into studying all his works. Tippett himself commented:

"When I was a student I submitted entirely to the music of Beethoven.
I explored his music so exhausively that for a long time later
On I listened to every other music but his."

Beethoven represented for him an ideal in his attitude to life, and as a composer. All the dominant attributes of Beethoven's music, its dynamic energy, its all-embracing humanism, its passionate spiritual questing, are those of Tippett's also.

These years at College where not only crucial in developing his musical styles but they were years where Tippett developed his love of Liturature and Philosophy.

After graduating, Tippett undertook many various positions including school teaching which he quickly disguarded. However nothing really grabed him. All he wanted to do was compose, but even in this he wasn't liking anything that he was writing. So he approached R.O. Morris, a composer and specialist in Sixteenth century counterpoint who agreed to take him on as a private pupil; and he embarked for the next eighteen months on a comprehensive and rigouros study of fugue. It was after his period of study with Morris that he found his direction as a composer.

In September 1939 Tippett began work on the music of A Child of our Time, modeled on Handel's Messiah. This ended up taking years to write because of the outbreak of the Second World War.

After the war and all the dramas that came with that including doing some time in prision, Tippett settled down to write his first opera. It was inevitable that Tippett should come to compose an opera. Modern Music describes opera as "a means by which, when all elements are working together, can move us with an almost magic power." This medium was perfect for a composer who was concerned to bring us through his art to a deeper understanding of ourselves. Tippett had gained much practical experience with his ballad operas Robin Hood and The Village Opera that he arranged in collaboration with Christopher Fry in the late thirties.

The influences behind The Midsummer Marriage are numerus, both in a Musical and a Philosophical sense. As we previously noticed, the shaping influence of A Child of Our Time was Handel's Messiah and also The Bach Passions. In Tippett's opera The Midsummer Marriage, the influences firstly from a liturary point of view, was primarily from Shakespear's A Midsummer Night's Dream. The basic dramatic idea of A Midsummer Night's Dream, the interaction between the natural and supernatural worlds and the resolution by supernatural means of the complications attending the two pairs of lovers, is also that of The Midsummer Marriage.

Musically Tippett was influenced by the Neo-classic move. Tippett embraced and gained an understanding of Neo Classism from English music of the past, the Elizabethan Madrigalist and Purcell above all. He never participated in the anti-romantic reaction, and his works exhibit both a positive engagement with tradition and a willingness to deal with social and philosophical issues. This comes out very strongly in The Midsummer Marriage . Tippett has an instinctive understanding of the English music of the sixteenth and Seventeenth centuries that has ripened with experience to a profound sympathy.

His rhythm is perhaps coloured a little by the influence of Stravinsky and Bartok, but owes far more to his study of the cross rhythms of the Madrigalists, the dance and the word setting of Purcell. As with all true rhythm it is highly expressive because it always serves a deeply felt melodic line of which it is the organising vehicle. His harmonic sense is probably his weakest asset, yet the driving power of his rhythm gives to his music a strong feeling of line. These musical applications will become more apparent when we look more closely and listen to the opera.

Tippet once said:
"Music deals with the imaginative processes of the inner world: feelings, qualities, dreams". (Tippet. Music of the Angels:pge 28)

It was this belief that led him to base his first opera on the philosophical stance of Carl Jung. The influence of Jung is traceable in Tippett's general attitude towards all of his works. But nowhere is the resemblance of Tippett's thought to Jung more striking than in The Midsummer Marriage. Jung's fundamental principal in the study of psychology is that:

"Consciousness and the unconcious are related to each other in a reciprocity where each consious element has its unconcious conterpart of an opposite yet compensatory character. Their constant interplay engenders the kaleidoscopic dynamics which in the course of any individual existance create the individual biography."
(Jung. "Psyche and Symbol". Page 23)

Jung's purpose in exploring the relationship between mans consciousness and the unconscious is to discover wholeness. He studied the dreams men have while asleep, and the fantasies they create while awake. Two paths stem from observation of these activities. These lead to elements of man that Jung has labelled archetypes. Being representations of instincts, the archetypes enable man to recognise the nature of an instinctive attitude. For example, the hero figure is an archetype that represents the instinct to save what has been threatened or restore what has been dystroyed. The hero archetype helps man understand his instinctive drives to be a savior to himself or others, that is, to find wholeness.

Tippett said of archetypes:
"One can persieve the specific energy of archetypes when we experience the peculiar fascination that accompanies them. They seem to hold a special spell."
(Ibid: pge 21).

It was precisely to capture the "special spell" of the archetype that Tippett used an extremely lyric style of music in The Midsummer Marriage. He was covinced that by means of the opera's music, the audience would be enabled to "Suspend the critical and analytical judgement, to experience the power of the archetype."
(Tippett. "The birth of an opera": Pge 56).

Tippett used the archetypes of the Anima, the unconcious element of the feminine in the man; and the Animus, the unconcious element of the masculine in the female. Both sexes must come to fully understand this archetype before they can become whole.

In The Midsummer Marriage the two lead characters, Mark and Jennifer, go on a spiritual journey to come to fully understand their anima and animus so that they can find wholeness and eventually come to be in a state in which they are allowed to be married. It is a quest opera in the sense that it depicts man's search for wholeness.

Throughout the entire opera Tippett has used musical applications to reveal the inner workings of these two characters. The music does not represent the action on the stage so much as it represents what is going on inside the character at that stage of the journey. Tippett wants his audience to learn about themselves, and how they function, and this is how he goes about achieving this.

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Father Luis G. Verplancken Term Paper

2011-12-14T03:18:00.000-08:00

Father Luis G. Verplancken Term Paper

If you heard the name Father Verplancken you may not know who he is, but the Tarahumara Indians know him as the person who has turned their lives around and saved many from death. Father Verplancken is an entrepreneur who decided to help the Indians rather than give them his charity and leave. He first discovered the Indians when he was in the seminary, but ended up staying for over 40 years. Through his time with the Tarahumara Indians he has become fluent in the Uto-Aztecan language and has taken moving photographs of the Indians that have been published in such renowned magazines as National Geographic.

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What Father Verplancken has done for the Indians is build a modern full-service hospital that offers free health and dental care. It is the only hospital in its region and holds 75 beds. Last year 4, 381 patients checked in at Clinic of St. Theresa, donations and the staff paid for all costs. A boarding school was also built, with 90 children currently attending on weekdays and returning home to their families on the weekend. Father Verplancken is far from done and still presenting ideas to help the Tarahumara Indians, one of these projects is to provide safe drinking water.

The site www.giveaminute.org was launched in order to inform the public of the inhumane conditions the Tarahumara people endure, and for another brilliant idea. A banner was put onto the site that allows us to help the Indians just by clicking on it! You may click on the banner once a day and in return one free minute of hospital care is given to a patient. In 2001 there was 88, 469 visitors that gave the Tarahumara Indians 12, 637.4 free hours!

Before Father Verplancken came to El Paso, Texas the Indians were living in small huts full of unsafe drinking water and parasites. The majority of the children were dying before the age of 5. After this dynamic entrepreneur came operating health clinics have been constructed as well as boarding schools, food and milk have been distributed, water wells are being drilled and he is diligently attempting to preserve the art and heritage of the Uto-Aztec people. Father Tarahumara and his 39 staff members including a priest, 8 nursing nuns, six doctors, twenty nurse-students and four teachers, are not losing momentum. The Indians are offered jobs as secretaries, gift store sales, and maintenance crew. American volunteers come to work on short-term projects for the Indians. This was all made possible through the vision of Father Tarahumara who has dedicated his life to the Tarahumara Indians.

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Research Paper on Edith Wharton

2011-12-13T15:35:00.000-08:00

Research Paper on Edith Wharton

Edith Wharton was born in New York City in 1862. She was the youngest child and only daughter of a socially prominent family. She was educated privately, in which case she spent most of her childhood traveling with her family in Europe, mostly in Italy and France. In 1885 at the age of twenty-three she did what she was expected to do and she married Edward "Teddy" Wharton, an affable Boston banker. The Whartons began their married life in New York and were soon part of the New York social scene, dividing their time between New York, Newport, and Bar Harbor. Later they built a home in Lenox, Massachusetts. But for Edith Wharton the year's high point was the couple's annual trip to Europe.

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Wharton was twenty-nine before she sold her first short story. Her first novel, The valley of Decision, set in eighteenth-century Italy, was published in 1902, when she was forty. It was in The House of Mirth, (1905), however, that she found her true subject: the tightly structured world of New York society into which she was born and which she observed with clarity and sympathetic irony. The Age of Innocence (1920), for which she won the Pulitzer Prize, is an in-bred world she both mocked and celebrated.

An ambitious writer, in addition to her novels Wharton wrote masterful short fiction, ghost stories, and New England winter's tale, the grim novella Ethan Frome (1911). She was also knowledgeable writer on such subjects as gardens, landscaping, furnishings, and travel. Divorced from Teddy Wharton in 1913, she spent almost no time in the United States, preferring Paris and her wide circle of friends, among them Henry James, who was a literary influence as well as a traveling companion, and Bernard Berenson. Wharton's surroundings where important to her and her personal wealth made possible the ordered and stylish life she craved.

During WWI, Wharton remained in France and worked with refugees and the wounded, for which the French government warded her the Legion of Honor in 1916. She died at Saint-Bricesouis-Foret, France, in 1937.

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